Statistics

A branch of mathematics.

Foundations

• Average absolute deviation

• Combinations

• Covariance matrices

• Degrees of freedom

• Permutations

• Mahalanobis distance

Probability

• Bayes' rule

• Bayesian notation

• Conditional probability

• Independence

• Joint probability

• Logit

• Probability notation

• σ Algebra notation

• Test statistic

Probability distributions

• Bernoulli

• Binomial

• Chi-squared

• F

• Normal

• Student's t

• Uniform

Probability tests

• Collinearity test

• Hosmer-Lemeshow test

• Kolmogorov-Smirnov test

• Lagrange multiplier test

• Likelihood-ratio test

• Pearson's chi-squared test

• Sobel test

• Wald test

Samples

• Simple random sample

• Stratification

• Survey sampling

• SurveySamples

Prediction

• Conditional expectations

• Expected values

Modeling

• Bayesian hierarchical model

• Binning

• Causal inference

• Econometrics notation

• Generalized estimating equation

• Generalized least squares

• Generalized linear model

• Lasso

• Logistic Model

• Multilevel Model

• Multilevel Regression with poststratification

• Ordinary least squares

• Post-stratification

• Standard errors

• Structural equation modeling

Panel modeling

• First-differenced estimator

• Fixed effects model

• Pooled OLS model

• Random effects model

• Unobserved components model

Non-parametric modeling

• Bagging

• Decision trees

• Gradient boosting

• Random forest

• Support-vector machines

Analysis

• Factor analysis

• Mediation analysis

Survey analysis

• Survey disposition

• Focus group

• Survey frame

• Margin of error

• Non-response bias

• Online bulletin board

• Response rate

• Qualitative coding

• Survey inference

• Survey weights

• Unequal weighting and design effects

• Unexpected event during survey design framework

Natural language processing

• Bag of words model

• NLP data preparation

• Word embedding

• Recursive sequencing

• Topic model

• Sentiment analysis

• Text classification

Reading Notes

• Measurement Error Models, Wayne A. Fuller, 1987

• Latent Variable Modeling in Heterogeneous Populations, Bengt O. Muthén, 1989

• The Effect of Weight Trimming on Nonlinear Survey Estimates, Frank J. Potter, 1993

• Evidence on the Validity of Cross-sectional and Longitudinal Labor Market Data, John Bound, Charles Brown, Greg J. Duncan, and Willard L. Rodgers, 1994

• Sampling Weights and Regression Analysis, Christopher Winship and Larry Radbill, 1994

• Multilevel Covariance Structure Analysis, Bengt O. Muthén, 1994

• Improving on Probability Weighting for Household Size, Andrew Gelman and Thomas C. Little, 1998

• Statistical Modeling: The Two Cultures, Leo Breiman, 2001

• Hierarchical Linear Models: Applications and Data Analysis Methods, Stephen W. Raudenbush and Anthony S. Bryk, 2002

• Ascertaining the validity of individual protocols from Web-based personality inventories, John A. Johnson, 2004

• Struggles with Survey Weighting and Regression Modeling, Andrew Gelman, 2007

• The calibration approach in survey theory and practice, Carl-Erik Särndal, 2007

• Identifying Careless Responses in Survey Data, Andrew Meade, S. Bartholomew Craig, 2012

• Respondent use of straight-lining as a response strategy in education survey research: Prevalence and implications; James S. Cole, Alexander C. McCormick, Robert M. Gonyea; 2012

• Estimating Measurement Error in Annual Job Earnings, John M. Abowd and Martha H. Stinson, 2013

• How Robust Standard Errors Expose Methodological Problems They Do Not Fix, and What to Do About It, Gary King and Margaret E. Roberts, 2015

• Straightlining in Web survey panels over time, Matthias Schonlau and Vera Toepoel, 2015

• Sampling-based vs. Design-based Uncertainty in Regression Analysis; Alberto Abadie, Susan Athey, Guido W. Imbens, and Jeffrey M. Wooldridge; 2017

• When Should You Adjust Standard Errors for Clustering?; Alberto Abadie, Susan Athey, Guido W. Imbens, and Jeffrey M. Wooldridge; 2017

• Regression and Other Stories, Andrew Gelman, Jennifer Hill, and Aki Vehtari, 2020

• Unexpected Event during Surveys Design: Promise and Pitfalls for Causal Inference; Jordi Muñoz, Albert Falcó-Gimeno, and Enrique Hernández; 2020

• The Independent Contractor Workforce: New Evidence on Its Size and Composition and Ways to Improve Its Measurement in Household Surveys; Katharine G. Abraham, Brad J. Hershbein, Susan N. Houseman, and Beth C. Truesdale; 2023

• Surveys of Consumers Technical Report: Technical Documentation for the 2024 Methodological Transition to Web Surveys, 2024

• The effect of online interviews on the University of Michigan Survey of Consumer Sentiment, Ryan Cummings and Ernie Tedeschi, 2024

• Measurement error when surveying issue positions: a MultiTrait MultiError approach; Kim Backström, Alexandru Cernat, Rasmus Sirén, and Peter Söderlund; 2025

• Invitation Letters Increase Response Rates in Elite Surveys: Evidence from Germany and the United Kingdom, Nathalie Giger and Miguel M. Pereira, 2025

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