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| == Comparative Politics == | |
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| This field's methods are essentially [[Statistics/DecisionTrees|decision trees]]. The body of quantitative data is poor. Analysis rests on identifying novel partitions that better predict or describe outcomes, and then re-testing hypotheses after a few decades have generated new data. * [[PoliticalScience/CityPolitics|City politics]] * [[PoliticalScience/CriticalElectionsTheory|Critical elections theory]] * [[PoliticalScience/Democratization|Democratization]] * [[PoliticalScience/ElectoralSystems|Electoral systems]] * [[PoliticalScience/GiniCoefficient|Gini coefficient]] * [[PoliticalScience/InternationalDevelopment|International development]] * [[PoliticalScience/IssuesEvolutionModel|Issues evolution model]] * [[PoliticalScience/PartyPolarization|Party polarization]] * [[PoliticalScience/RelativeDeprivationTheory|Relative deprivation theory]] * [[PoliticalScience/SouthernExceptionalism|Southern exceptionalism]] |
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| * [[PoliticalScience/PivotalPoliticsModel|Pivotal Politics Model]] | Public choice and social choice are highly interconnected. In general, public choice seeks to be strictly positive, while social choice leans into [[PoliticalPhilosophy|philosophy]] and normative study. Like, 'given a voting system, which agent has most control' vs. 'what is the most fair voting system'. But the theorists fundamentally speak the same language, and it's more coherent to group them together by field of study. |
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| * [[PoliticalScience/InstitutionalDesign|Institutional design]] * [[PoliticalScience/MedianVoterTheorem|Median voter theorem]] * [[PoliticalScience/PivotalPoliticsModel|Pivotal politics model]] * [[PoliticalScience/RationalChoiceVoting|Rational choice voting]] |
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| * [[PoliticalScience/CageDistanceFramework|CAGE Distance Framework]] | * [[PoliticalScience/CageDistanceFramework|CAGE distance framework]] |
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| * [[PoliticalScience/WilsonLowiMatrix|Wilson-Lowi Matrix]] |
* [[PoliticalScience/RegulatoryEconomics|Regulatory economics]] * [[PoliticalScience/WilsonLowiMatrix|Wilson-Lowi matrix]] |
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| * [[PoliticalScience/BargainingModelOfWar|Bargaining Model of War]] | * [[PoliticalScience/BargainingModelOfWar|Bargaining model of war]] * [[PoliticalScience/ConflictTheory|Conflict theory]] |
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| * [[PoliticalScience/RallyAroundTheFlagEffect|Rally around the flag effect]] | |
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| == Miscellany == | |
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== Comparative Politics == * resources for Comparative Politics on this wiki: * listings of [[CategoryState|states]] and [[CategoryCityState|city-states]] |
* [[PoliticalScience/AffectivePolarization|Affective Polarization]] * [[PoliticalScience/PolicyAnalysis|Policy analysis]] * Some resources on this wiki: * listings of [[CategoryState|states]] and [[CategoryCityState|city-states]] throughout history * listings of current [[CategoryCity|cities]] |
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| * [[PlunkittOfTammanyHall|Plunkitt of Tammany Hall]], William L. Riordon, 1905 | Note: reading notes for the above topics are listed on the respective pages, ''not here''. |
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| * [[AnEconomicTheoryOfDemocracy|An Economic Theory of Democracy]], Anthony Downs, 1957 * [[CounteringGuerillaAttack|Countering Guerilla Attack]], Walt W. Rostow, 1961 * [[WhoGoverns|Who Governs? Democracy and Power in an American City]], Robert Dahl, 1961 * [[TheCalculusOfConsent|The Calculus of Consent]], James M. Buchanon and Gordon Tullock, 1962 * [[TheTheoryOfPoliticalCoalitions|The Theory of Political Coalitions]], William H. Riker, 1962 * [[PoliticalEntrepreneurshipAndPatternsOfDemocraticInstabilityInPluralSocieties|Political entrepreneurship and patterns of democratic instability in plural societies]], Alvin Rabushka, Kenneth A. Shepsle, 1971 * [[PoliticsInPluralSocieties|Politics in plural societies]], Alvin Rabushka, Kenneth A. Shepsle, 1972 * [[CongressmenInCommittees|Congressmen in Committees]], Richard F. Fenno, Jr., 1973 * [[CongressTheElectoralConnection|Congress: The Electoral Connection]], David R. Mayhew, 1974 * [[Autocracy|Autocracy]], Gordon Tullock, 1987 |
* [[TheEvolutionOfCooperation|The Evolution of Cooperation]], Robert Axelrod and William D. Hamilton, 1981 * [[WomenActivistsSouthernConservativesAndTheProhibitionOfSexDiscriminationInTitleVIIOfThe1964CivilRightsAct|Women Activists, Southern Conservatives, and the Prohibition of Sex Discrimination in Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act]], Carl M. Brauer, 1983 * [[WhatHasEconomicsToSayAboutRacialDiscrimination|What Has Economics to Say About Racial Discrimination?]], Kenneth J. Arrow. 1998 |
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| * [[InternationalHumanRightsLawAndPracticeInLatinAmerica|International Human Rights Law and Practice in Latin America]], Ellen Lutz and Kathryn Sikkink, 2000 * [[EighteenthCenturyBritishPremiers|Eighteenth-Century British Premiers: Walpole to the Younger Pitt]], Dick Leonard, 2010 * [[TheTragedyOfGreatPowerPolitics|The Tragedy of Great Power Politics]], John J. Mearsheimer, 2014 (2nd ed.) * [[CityDiplomacy|City Diplomacy: From City-States to Global Cities]], Raffaele Marchetti, 2021 * [[EpistemicSuperimposition|Epistemic superimposition: the war in Ukraine and the poverty of expertise in international relations theory]], Jan Dutkiewicz and Jan Smolenski, 2023 * [[ToHelpEndWarInUkraineTheQuadShouldBackIndiaToEngageRussia|To help end war in Ukraine, the Quad should back India to engage Russia]], Adarsh Badri, 2023 * [[IsItTheMessageOrTheMessenger|Is It the Message or the Messenger? Examining Movement in Immigration Beliefs]], Hassan Afrouzi, Carolina Arteaga, and Emily Weisburst, 2024 * [[HasTheOutbiddingOnTradeProtectionismFinallyEnded|Has the Outbidding on Trade Protectionism Finally Ended?]], Daniel W. Drezner, 2024 * [[EconomicSanctionsAsAForeignPolicyTool|Economic Sanctions as a Foreign Policy Tool]], Michael Klein and Daniel W. Drezner, 2024 * [[ACaseForCongress|A Case for Congress: Shared Power for a Divided Society]], Frances E. Lee, 2024 |
* [[TwilightOfImpunityForAfricasPresidentialCriminals|Twilight of impunity for Africa's presidential criminals]], Bruce Baker, 2004 * [[StatisticalBackwardsInduction|Statistical Backwards Induction: A Simple Method for Estimating Strategic Models]]; Muhammet Ali Bas, Curtis S. Signorino, and Robert W. Walker; 2006 * [[AloofnessOrDirtyHands|Aloofness or Dirty Hands? Administrative Culpability in the Making of the Second Ghetto]], Mohamad G. Alkadry and Brandi Blessett, 2010 * [[MeasuringInternalPoliticalEfficacyInThe1988NationalElectionStudy|Measuring Internal Political Efficacy in the 1988 National Election Study]]; Richard G. Niemi, Stephen C. Craig, and Franco Mattei; 2014 * [[PoliticiansTheoriesOfVotingBehavior|Politicians’ Theories of Voting Behavior]]; Jack Lucas, Lior Sheffer, Peter John Loewen, Stefaan Walgrave, Karolin Soontjens, Eran Amsalem, Stefanie Bailer, Nathalie Brack, Christian Breunig, Pirmin Bundi, Linda Coufal, Patrick Dumont, Sarah Lachance, Miguel M. Pereira, Mikael Persson, Jean-benoit Pilet, Anne Rasmussen, Maj-britt Sterba, and Frédéric Varone; 2024 * [[AllPoliticsIsLocal|All Politics Is Local: Studying Women’s Representation in Local Politics in Authoritarian Regimes]], Carolyn Barnett and Marwa Shalaby, 2024 * [[TheGeneralizabilityOfIRExperimentsBeyondTheUS|The Generalizability of IR Experiments Beyond the U.S.]]; Lotem Bassan-Nygate, Jonathan Renshon, Jessica L.P. Weeks, and Chagai M. Weiss; 2024 * [[WideningTheGapOfPoliticalInequality|Widening the gap of political inequality? The effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on political engagement]], Ana Maria Belchior, 2024 * [[DemocracyAndTheEpistemicProblemsOfPoliticalPolarization|Democracy and the Epistemic Problems of Political Polarization]], Jonathan Benson, 2024 * [[AutocraticPolicyAndTheAccumulationOfSocialCapital|Autocratic Policy and the Accumulation of Social Capital: The Moscow Housing Renovation Program]]; Ekaterina Borisova, Regina Smyth, and Alexei Zakharov; 2024 * [[CrisisManagementFromARelationalPerspective|Crisis management from a relational perspective: an analysis of interorganizational transboundary crisis networks]], Carlos Bravo-Laguna, 2024 * [[StanceDetection|Stance detection: a practical guide to classifying political beliefs in text]], Michael Burnham, 2024 * [[RacialTropesInTheForeignPolicyBureaucracy|Racial Tropes in the Foreign Policy Bureaucracy: A Computational Text Analysis]]; Austin Carson, Eric Min, and Maya Van Nuys; 2024 * [[UnconditionalLoyalty|Unconditional Loyalty: The Survival of Minority Autocracies]], Salam Alsaadi, 2025 * [[FurtherBackToTheFuture|Further Back to the Future: Neo-Royalism, the Trump Administration, and the Emerging International System]], Stacie E. Goddard and Abraham Newman, 2025 * [[AreFirmsGerrymandered|Are Firms Gerrymandered?]]; Joaquín Artés, Aaron R. Kaufman, Brian K. Richter, and Jeffrey F. Timmons; 2025 * [[EfficacyOfCongressionalOversight|Efficacy of Congressional Oversight]], Pamela Ban and Seth J. Hill, 2025 * [[HowDoesShamingHumanRightsViolatorsAbroadShapeAttitudesAtHome|How Does Shaming Human Rights Violators Abroad Shape Attitudes at Home?]], Lotem Bassan-Nygate, 2025 * [[SustainingExposureToFactChecks|Sustaining Exposure to Fact-Checks: Misinformation Discernment, Media Consumption, and Its Political Implications]]; Jeremy Bowles, Kevin Croke, Horacio Larreguy, Shelley Liu, and John Marshall; 2025 * [[MeasuringLegislatorsIdeologicalPositionInLargeChambersUsingPairwiseComparisons|Measuring legislators’ ideological position in large chambers using pairwise-comparisons]], Christian Breunig and Benjamin Guinaudeau, 2025 * [[SharedDemographicCharacteristicsDoNotReliablyFacilitatePersuasionInInterpersonalConversations|Shared Demographic Characteristics Do Not Reliably Facilitate Persuasion in Interpersonal Conversations: Evidence from Eight Experiments]]; David E. Broockman, Joshua L. Kalla, Nicholas Ottone, Erik Santoro, and Amanda Weiss; 2025 == Data Notes == * Relevant government agencies, which link to many data notes: * [[UnitedStates/BureauOfJusticeStatistics|BJS]] * [[UnitedStates/BureauOfLaborStatistics|BLS]] * [[UnitedStates/CensusBureau|Census Bureau]] * [[UnitedStates/NationalCenterForEducationStatistics|NCES]] * [[UnitedStates/DepartmentOfHousingAndUrbanDevelopment|HUD]] * see UMich's [[InstituteForSocialResearch|ISR]] * [[AliceProject|ALICE Project]] * [[AmericanNationalElectionStudies|ANES]] * [[UnitedStates/CentralIntelligenceAgency/WorldFactbook|CIA World Factbook]] * [[ComparativeStudyOfElectoralSystems|CSES]] * [[EuropeanElectionStudies|EES]] * [[EuropeanSocialSurvey|ESS]] * [[FreedomInTheWorld|Freedom House's Freedom in the World]] * [[GeneralSocialSurvey|GSS]] * [[InternationalSocialSurveyProgramme|ISSP]] * [[MostImportantProblemDataset|MIPD]] * [[Polity]] * [[VarietiesOfDemocracy|V-Dem]] * [[WorldGovernanceIndicatorsProject|WGI]] * [[WorldValuesSurvey|WVS]] |
Political Science
Political science is best defined in comparison to political philosophy: one attempts to understand politics from first principles, reasoned outward, in a coherent and consistent theory; the other attempts to understand politics from observations and theories of what explains the variance therein. This page addresses the latter.
Comparative Politics
This field's methods are essentially decision trees. The body of quantitative data is poor. Analysis rests on identifying novel partitions that better predict or describe outcomes, and then re-testing hypotheses after a few decades have generated new data.
Public Choice and Social Choice Theory
Public choice and social choice are highly interconnected. In general, public choice seeks to be strictly positive, while social choice leans into philosophy and normative study. Like, 'given a voting system, which agent has most control' vs. 'what is the most fair voting system'. But the theorists fundamentally speak the same language, and it's more coherent to group them together by field of study.
Political Economy
International Relations
Miscellany
- Some resources on this wiki:
listings of states and city-states throughout history
listings of current cities
listings of empires (including de facto empires)
Reading Notes
Note: reading notes for the above topics are listed on the respective pages, not here.
England in the Age of the American Revolution, Lewis Namier, 1931
The Evolution of Cooperation, Robert Axelrod and William D. Hamilton, 1981
Women Activists, Southern Conservatives, and the Prohibition of Sex Discrimination in Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act, Carl M. Brauer, 1983
What Has Economics to Say About Racial Discrimination?, Kenneth J. Arrow. 1998
Hard and Soft Law in International Governance, Kenneth Abbott and Duncan Snidal, 2000
Twilight of impunity for Africa's presidential criminals, Bruce Baker, 2004
Statistical Backwards Induction: A Simple Method for Estimating Strategic Models; Muhammet Ali Bas, Curtis S. Signorino, and Robert W. Walker; 2006
Aloofness or Dirty Hands? Administrative Culpability in the Making of the Second Ghetto, Mohamad G. Alkadry and Brandi Blessett, 2010
Measuring Internal Political Efficacy in the 1988 National Election Study; Richard G. Niemi, Stephen C. Craig, and Franco Mattei; 2014
Politicians’ Theories of Voting Behavior; Jack Lucas, Lior Sheffer, Peter John Loewen, Stefaan Walgrave, Karolin Soontjens, Eran Amsalem, Stefanie Bailer, Nathalie Brack, Christian Breunig, Pirmin Bundi, Linda Coufal, Patrick Dumont, Sarah Lachance, Miguel M. Pereira, Mikael Persson, Jean-benoit Pilet, Anne Rasmussen, Maj-britt Sterba, and Frédéric Varone; 2024
All Politics Is Local: Studying Women’s Representation in Local Politics in Authoritarian Regimes, Carolyn Barnett and Marwa Shalaby, 2024
The Generalizability of IR Experiments Beyond the U.S.; Lotem Bassan-Nygate, Jonathan Renshon, Jessica L.P. Weeks, and Chagai M. Weiss; 2024
Widening the gap of political inequality? The effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on political engagement, Ana Maria Belchior, 2024
Democracy and the Epistemic Problems of Political Polarization, Jonathan Benson, 2024
Autocratic Policy and the Accumulation of Social Capital: The Moscow Housing Renovation Program; Ekaterina Borisova, Regina Smyth, and Alexei Zakharov; 2024
Crisis management from a relational perspective: an analysis of interorganizational transboundary crisis networks, Carlos Bravo-Laguna, 2024
Stance detection: a practical guide to classifying political beliefs in text, Michael Burnham, 2024
Racial Tropes in the Foreign Policy Bureaucracy: A Computational Text Analysis; Austin Carson, Eric Min, and Maya Van Nuys; 2024
Unconditional Loyalty: The Survival of Minority Autocracies, Salam Alsaadi, 2025
Further Back to the Future: Neo-Royalism, the Trump Administration, and the Emerging International System, Stacie E. Goddard and Abraham Newman, 2025
Are Firms Gerrymandered?; Joaquín Artés, Aaron R. Kaufman, Brian K. Richter, and Jeffrey F. Timmons; 2025
Efficacy of Congressional Oversight, Pamela Ban and Seth J. Hill, 2025
How Does Shaming Human Rights Violators Abroad Shape Attitudes at Home?, Lotem Bassan-Nygate, 2025
Sustaining Exposure to Fact-Checks: Misinformation Discernment, Media Consumption, and Its Political Implications; Jeremy Bowles, Kevin Croke, Horacio Larreguy, Shelley Liu, and John Marshall; 2025
Measuring legislators’ ideological position in large chambers using pairwise-comparisons, Christian Breunig and Benjamin Guinaudeau, 2025
Shared Demographic Characteristics Do Not Reliably Facilitate Persuasion in Interpersonal Conversations: Evidence from Eight Experiments; David E. Broockman, Joshua L. Kalla, Nicholas Ottone, Erik Santoro, and Amanda Weiss; 2025
Data Notes
- Relevant government agencies, which link to many data notes:
see UMich's ISR