Elizabeth
Elizabeth was the queen of Great Britain and Ireland.
History
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Reign
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Elizabeth inherited a problem of diminishing control over Ireland. Despite royal laws forbidding immigration by Scots, Scottish-Gaelic clans consolidated power and repudiated the crown. Radclyffe, who had served Mary I as lord deputy of Ireland, was largely unable to subjugate these chiefs and lords, though his second-in-command Sidney did have some success. Elizabeth only briefly retained him as lord lieutenant before rearranging command.
Elizabeth returned Sidney to Ireland in 1565, now as lord deputy himself. He had significant success in implementing surrender and regrant policies; chiefs and lords were compelled to surrender lands to the crown, then granted those same lands within the feudal structure of the English crown. He also enacted widespread violence (e.g., the Rathlin Island massacre, suppression of the First and Second Desmond Rebellion, the Massacre of Mullaghmast, etc.) to maintain command over the territory.