|
⇤ ← Revision 1 as of 2025-01-21 21:09:49
Size: 3476
Comment: Initial commit
|
Size: 3448
Comment: Removed link
|
| Deletions are marked like this. | Additions are marked like this. |
| Line 3: | Line 3: |
| The '''War of Spanish Succession''' was an international war fought for the succession of the [[Spain/Monarchs#Kingdom_of_Spain|Spanish crown]] after the death of [[Spain/CharlesII|Charles II]], the last of the [[Spain/Monarchs#Habsburg|Spanish Habsburgs]]. | The '''War of Spanish Succession''' was an international war fought for the succession of the [[Spain/Monarchs#Kingdom_of_Spain|Spanish crown]] after the death of '''Charles II''', the last of the [[Spain/Monarchs#Habsburg|Spanish Habsburgs]]. |
| Line 13: | Line 13: |
| The [[Spain/Monarchs#Kingdom_of_Spain|kingdom of Spain]] had been bound to that of [[France/Monarchs#Kingdom_of_France|France]] recently, through the marriage of [[Spain/PhilipIV|Philip's]] daughter, '''Maria Theresa''', to [[France/LouisXIV|Louis XIV]]. When Philip died a few years later, her younger brother [[Spain/CharlesII|Charles II]] succeeded the throne. This established a [[Spain/Monarchs#Bourbon|Bourbon dynasty]]. | The [[Spain/Monarchs#Kingdom_of_Spain|kingdom of Spain]] had been bound to that of [[France/Monarchs#Kingdom_of_France|France]] recently, through the marriage of [[Spain/PhilipIV|Philip's]] daughter, '''Maria Theresa''', to [[France/LouisXIV|Louis XIV]]. When Philip died a few years later, her younger brother '''Charles II''' succeeded the throne. This established a [[Spain/Monarchs#Bourbon|Bourbon dynasty]]. |
War of Spanish Succession
The War of Spanish Succession was an international war fought for the succession of the Spanish crown after the death of Charles II, the last of the Spanish Habsburgs.
Antecedents
The kingdom of Spain had been bound to that of France recently, through the marriage of Philip's daughter, Maria Theresa, to Louis XIV. When Philip died a few years later, her younger brother Charles II succeeded the throne. This established a Bourbon dynasty.
While Charles never had children, the Spanish crown was inheritable through a female line. When Charles died in 1700, in accordance with his will, the Spanish nobility offered the crown to Maria Theresa's grandson, Philip V. Louis XIV accepted on behalf of his ward.
Leopold, Churchill (as the ailing William's representative), and Heinsius agreed to a support an independent claim to the Spanish crown in the Treaty of The Hague of 1701. This was a recreation of the Grand Alliance of the Nine Years War. The treaty was delayed in part because the Tory majority in the British Parliament only objected to the threat of France annexing Sicily, not to the specific succession of Philip. Ultimately this alliance would support the alternate claim of Leopold's younger son, Charles.
History
TODO: learn some history!
Conclusion and Aftermath
The costs of fighting this war were burdensome on Anne's reign. Tories won a strong majority in the British Parliament in 1710 and implemented a strategy to force a peace treaty. Churchill was relieved of his command, and English forces were directed to cease combat. Bilateral diplomacy with Louis XIV was opened.
Effectively, one of the Grand Alliance's war goals was to prop up the Habsburgs in the western part of their empire. But in the course of the decade-long war, the Austrian Habsburgs became scarce. Leopold I died in 1705, leaving his eldest son Joseph I to inherit. Joseph himself then died in 1711, leaving the claimant Charles to now inherit the Austrian Habsburg empire as Charles VI. Within a few decades, Charles' own succession crisis would erupt into the War of Austrian Succession.
The Treaty of Utrecht ensured that Philip IV retained the Spanish crown, though he was forced to renounce his claim to the French crown.
The treaty was pushed through the British Parliament over Whig opposition by the rapid creation of new Tory peerages.