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| '''Frederick II''' (''Federico'' or ''Friedrich'') was Holy Roman Emperor. | '''Frederick II''' (''Federico'' or ''Friedrich'') was Holy Roman Emperor and king of [[Italy/Monarchs#Kingdom_of_Sicily|Sicily]]. |
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| TODO: learn some history! | Frederick was the eldest son of [[WorldHistory/HolyRomanEmpire|Henry VI]]. He had been made king of the Romans, designating him as the imperial heir, from birth. However, his father died the next year and his uncle '''Philip II''' was instead recognized as [[Germany/Monarchs#German_Empire|king of Germany]]. His mother and queen regnant of [[Italy/Monarchs#Kingdom_of_Sicily|Sicily]], '''Constance I''', negotiated with him to ensure that Frederick could inherit Sicily even while giving up his claim to the Holy Roman Empire. As king of Sicily, he reigned as Frederick I. Frederick became Holy Roman Emperor in 1220. [[WorldHistory/CatholicChurch|Innocent III]] attempted in 1228 to recapture Sicily through the '''War of the Keys'''. Frederick's eldest son, Henry, objected to the inquisitions and crusades that [[WorldHistory/CatholicChurch|Gregory IX]] authorized in Germany. Gregory excommunicated him and Frederick declared him an outlaw in 1235, making his second son [[Germany/ConradIV|Conrad]] the heir apparent. Henry was imprisoned and ultimately died in 1242. In 1245 at the Council of Lyon, Innocent IV excommunicated Frederick and declared him deposed. He pushed '''Henry Raspe''', landgrave of Thuringia, as a rival claimant. Frederick's son [[Germany/ConradIV|Conrad]] quickly suppressed the rebellion and Henry died from wounds in 1247. Next, Innocent pushed '''William II''', duke of Holland and Zeeland, as a rival claimant. William proved more difficult to dislodge, and he established his court in the [[Netherlands/TheHague|Binnenhof]]. Frederick died suddenly in 1250, with the realm still at war. |
Frederick II
Frederick II (Federico or Friedrich) was Holy Roman Emperor and king of Sicily.
He should not be confused with Frederick II of Prussia.
Contents
History
Frederick was the eldest son of Henry VI. He had been made king of the Romans, designating him as the imperial heir, from birth. However, his father died the next year and his uncle Philip II was instead recognized as king of Germany. His mother and queen regnant of Sicily, Constance I, negotiated with him to ensure that Frederick could inherit Sicily even while giving up his claim to the Holy Roman Empire. As king of Sicily, he reigned as Frederick I.
Frederick became Holy Roman Emperor in 1220.
Innocent III attempted in 1228 to recapture Sicily through the War of the Keys.
Frederick's eldest son, Henry, objected to the inquisitions and crusades that Gregory IX authorized in Germany. Gregory excommunicated him and Frederick declared him an outlaw in 1235, making his second son Conrad the heir apparent. Henry was imprisoned and ultimately died in 1242.
In 1245 at the Council of Lyon, Innocent IV excommunicated Frederick and declared him deposed. He pushed Henry Raspe, landgrave of Thuringia, as a rival claimant. Frederick's son Conrad quickly suppressed the rebellion and Henry died from wounds in 1247. Next, Innocent pushed William II, duke of Holland and Zeeland, as a rival claimant. William proved more difficult to dislodge, and he established his court in the Binnenhof.
Frederick died suddenly in 1250, with the realm still at war.