Italian Monarchs
A history of Italian monarchs.
Contents
Kingdom of Italy
The kingdom of Italy was a successor state to Middle Francia.
In 961, Otto I conquered the kingdom and claimed the title for himself. From then until the death of Charles V, the crowns of Germany and Italy were held as an elective union.
Duchy of Savoy
The county of Savoy was a minor member of the Holy Roman Empire. In 1416, Sigismund raised Amadeus VIII to duke of Savoy.
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The Savoyards finally claimed a royal title in the kingdom of Sicily, which Spain ceded to in the Treaty of Utrecht,
Kingdom of Sardinia-Piedmont
The kingdom of Sardinia, which had been a Spanish territory since James II of Aragon, was exchanged to Austria through the Treaty of Utrecht. The subsequent Treaty of the Hague forced Victor Amadeus II to trade the kingdom of Sicily for Sardinia.
The personal union of Savoy and Sardinia would be cemented by the Perfect Fusion in 1847 under Charles Albert.
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Kingdom of Lombardy-Venetia
The kingdom of Lombardy-Venetia was established by the Congress of Vienna. As heir to the rights of the duchy of Milan and the Republic of Venice, Francis I was made king. Viceroys were appointed to manage the kingdom, and they ruled exclusively from Milan and Venice.
Under Franz Joseph, the kingdom rapidly disintegrated. He was forced to cede Lombardy to the kingdom of Sardinia-Piedmont in the Treaty of Zurich. Ultimately Sardinia seized the entire kingdom in the Third War of Independence.
Note that following the second War of Independence, the viceroys were replaced with a governor-general.
Kingdom of Italy
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