Carpathia
Carpathia was a historic region in modern Ukraine, Slovakia, and Poland.
Name
In most of the relevant languages, the Carpathians are known as Karpaty. In Hungarian this is spelled Kárpátok. In Romanian this is spelled Carpați. In Ukrainian and Serbian this is spelled Карпати. The name comes from the Carpathian Mountains.
Politically, the western regions of Carpathia were duchies of Silesia, and as such transitioned between Polish, Bohemian, and Austrian control.
In Hungarian history, the central region of Carpathia frequently defined a northern frontier. The name Transcarpathia is used frequently in this context. And in both Romanian and Hungarian history, the powerful Maramures voivodeship was the northernmost Carpathian Mountain territory. As a result, expansions into wider Carpathia were characterized as expansions of Maramures.
Hungary, Romania, Poland, and Russia have expanded into the eatern region of Carpathia throughout their histories. The name Carpathian Ruthenia is used frequently in this context, referring to the ethnically Ruthenian population.
History
Horthy began annexing Carpathian Ruthenia from Czechoslovakia in the First Vienna Award. Shortly thereafter, with support from Hitler, he annexed the remainder militarily.
Following the invasion of Poland, the government and a significant portion of the armed forces fled through this region into Hungary and Romania en route to France and French Syria.