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| The office of 'prime minister' only became an official fixture of British politics in the 20th century. Nonetheless, [[UnitedKingdom/RobertWalpole|Walpole]] is [[EighteenthCenturyBritishPremiers|considered]] the first PM due to his influence over the reigns of [[UnitedKingdom/GeorgeI|George I]] and [[UnitedKingdom/GeorgeII|George II]]. The office of the '''first lord of the Treasury''' is generally recognized as the predecessor to the PM. 10 Downing Street, often considered synonymous with the government and/or the PM, is actually the official residence of the first lord. In 1922, the two offices were permanently fused. When plotting a history of the first lords, there are exceptional periods where ministers with junior titles were the effective heads of government. For example, the crux of [[UnitedKingdom/ThomasPelhamHolles|Pelham-Holles']] strategy to government management was ''deferring'' to influential ministers for policy. Prime ministers typically name either a '''first secretary''' or a '''deputy prime minister''' as their second-in-command, but not both. ||'''Effective Heads of Government''' ||'''First Lords''' ||'''Term''' || ||[[UnitedKingdom/RobertWalpole|Robert Walpole]] ||(same, hereafter left blank) ||1721 - 1742|| ||[[UnitedKingdom/HenryPelham|Henry Pelham]] ||[[UnitedKingdom/SpencerCompton|Spencer Compton]] ||1742 - 1743|| ||Henry Pelham || ||1743 - 1746|| ||[[UnitedKingdom/JohnCarteret|John Carteret]] ||[[UnitedKingdom/WilliamPulteney|William Pulteney]] ||2 days || ||Henry Pelham || ||1746 - 1754|| ||[[UnitedKingdom/ThomasPelhamHolles|Thomas Pelham-Holles]] || ||1754 - 1756|| ||[[UnitedKingdom/WilliamCavendish|William Cavendish]] || ||1756 - 1757|| ||[[UnitedKingdom/WilliamPitt|William Pitt]] ||Thomas Pelham-Holles ||1757 - 1761|| ||[[UnitedKingdom/JohnStuart|John Stuart]] ||Thomas Pelham-Holles ||1761 - 1762|| ||John Stuart || ||1762 - 1763|| ||[[UnitedKingdom/GeorgeGrenville|George Grenville]] || ||1763 - 1765|| ||[[UnitedKingdom/CharlesWatsonWentworth|Charles Watson-Wentworth]] || ||1765 - 1766|| ||William Pitt ||[[UnitedKingdom/AugustusFitzRoy|Augustus FitzRoy]] ||1766 - 1768|| ||Augustus Fitz``Roy || ||1766 - 1768|| ||[[UnitedKingdom/FrederickNorth|Frederick North]] || ||1768 - 1782|| ||Charles Watson-Wentworth || ||1782 || ||[[UnitedKingdom/WilliamPetty|William Petty]] || ||1782 - 1783|| ||Frederick North, [[UnitedKingdom/CharlesJamesFox|Charles James Fox]]||[[UnitedKingdom/WilliamCavendishBentinck|William Cavendish-Bentinck]]||1783 || ||[[UnitedKingdom/WilliamPittII|William Pitt]] || ||1783 - 1801|| ||[[UnitedKingdom/HenryAddington|Henry Addington]] || ||1801 - 1804|| ||William Pitt || ||1804 - 1806|| ||[[UnitedKingdom/WilliamGrenville|William Grenville]] || ||1806 - 1807|| ||William Cavendish-Bentinck || ||1807 - 1809|| ||... ||... ||... || ||[[UnitedKingdom/BenjaminDisraeli|Benjamin Disraeli]] || ||1868 || ||[[UnitedKingdom/WilliamEwartGladstone|William Ewart Gladstone]] || ||1868 - 1874|| ||Benjamin Disraeli || ||1874 - 1880|| ||William Ewart Gladstone || ||1880 - 1885|| ||[[UnitedKingdom/RobertGascoyneCecil|Robert Gascoyne-Cecil]] ||[[UnitedKingdom/StaffordNorthcote|Stafford Northcote]] ||1885 - 1886|| ||William Ewart Gladstone || ||1886 || ||Robert Gascoyne-Cecil || ||1886 - 1887|| ||Robert Gascoyne-Cecil ||[[UnitedKingdom/WilliamHenrySmith|William Henry Smith]] ||1887 - 1891|| ||Robert Gascoyne-Cecil ||[[UnitedKingdom/ArthurBalfour|Arthur Balfour]] ||1891 - 1892|| ||William Ewart Gladstone || ||1892 - 1894|| ||[[UnitedKingdom/ArchibaldPrimrose|Archibald Primrose]] || ||1984 - 1895|| ||Robert Gascoyne-Cecil ||Arthur Balfour ||1895 - 1902|| ||Arthur Balfour || ||1902 - 1905|| ||[[UnitedKingdom/HenryCampbellBannerman|Henry Campbell-Bannerman]] || ||1905 - 1908|| ||[[UnitedKingdom/HerbertHenryAsquith|Herbert Henry Asquith]] || ||1908 - 1916|| ||[[UnitedKingdom/DavidLloydGeorge|David Lloyd George]] || ||1916 - 1922|| |
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| ||... || || | ||[[UnitedKingdom/BonarLaw|Bonar Law]] ||1922 - 1923|| |
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| ||Ramsay MacDonald ||1929 - 1935|| | ||Ramsay Mac``Donald ||1929 - 1935|| |
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| ||... || || | ||[[UnitedKingdom/AnthonyEden|Anthony Eden]] ||1955 - 1957|| ||[[UnitedKingdom/HaroldMacmillan|Harold Macmillan]] ||1957 - 1963|| ||[[UnitedKingdom/AlecDouglasHome|Alec Douglas-Home]] ||1963 - 1964|| ||[[UnitedKingdom/HaroldWilson|Harold Wilson]] ||1964 - 1970|| ||[[UnitedKingdom/EdwardHeath|Edward Heath]] ||1970 - 1974|| ||Harold Wilson ||1974 - 1976|| ||[[UnitedKingdom/JamesCallaghan|James Callaghan]] ||1976 - 1979|| ||[[UnitedKingdom/MargaretThatcher|Margaret Thatcher]] ||1979 - 1990|| ||[[UnitedKingdom/JohnMajor|John Major]] ||1990 - 1997|| |
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| ||[[UnitedKingdom/RishiSunak|Rishi Sunak]] ||2022 - || | ||[[UnitedKingdom/RishiSunak|Rishi Sunak]] ||2022 - 2024|| ||[[UnitedKingdom/KeirStarmer|Keir Starmer]] ||2024 - || |
British Prime Ministers
A history of British prime ministers.
The prime minister is the de facto head of state of the United Kingdom.
The office of 'prime minister' only became an official fixture of British politics in the 20th century. Nonetheless, Walpole is considered the first PM due to his influence over the reigns of George I and George II.
The office of the first lord of the Treasury is generally recognized as the predecessor to the PM. 10 Downing Street, often considered synonymous with the government and/or the PM, is actually the official residence of the first lord. In 1922, the two offices were permanently fused.
When plotting a history of the first lords, there are exceptional periods where ministers with junior titles were the effective heads of government. For example, the crux of Pelham-Holles' strategy to government management was deferring to influential ministers for policy.
Prime ministers typically name either a first secretary or a deputy prime minister as their second-in-command, but not both.
Effective Heads of Government |
First Lords |
Term |
(same, hereafter left blank) |
1721 - 1742 |
|
1742 - 1743 |
||
Henry Pelham |
|
1743 - 1746 |
2 days |
||
Henry Pelham |
|
1746 - 1754 |
|
1754 - 1756 |
|
|
1756 - 1757 |
|
Thomas Pelham-Holles |
1757 - 1761 |
|
Thomas Pelham-Holles |
1761 - 1762 |
|
John Stuart |
|
1762 - 1763 |
|
1763 - 1765 |
|
|
1765 - 1766 |
|
William Pitt |
1766 - 1768 |
|
Augustus FitzRoy |
|
1766 - 1768 |
|
1768 - 1782 |
|
Charles Watson-Wentworth |
|
1782 |
|
1782 - 1783 |
|
Frederick North, Charles James Fox |
1783 |
|
|
1783 - 1801 |
|
|
1801 - 1804 |
|
William Pitt |
|
1804 - 1806 |
|
1806 - 1807 |
|
William Cavendish-Bentinck |
|
1807 - 1809 |
... |
... |
... |
|
1868 |
|
|
1868 - 1874 |
|
Benjamin Disraeli |
|
1874 - 1880 |
William Ewart Gladstone |
|
1880 - 1885 |
1885 - 1886 |
||
William Ewart Gladstone |
|
1886 |
Robert Gascoyne-Cecil |
|
1886 - 1887 |
Robert Gascoyne-Cecil |
1887 - 1891 |
|
Robert Gascoyne-Cecil |
1891 - 1892 |
|
William Ewart Gladstone |
|
1892 - 1894 |
|
1984 - 1895 |
|
Robert Gascoyne-Cecil |
Arthur Balfour |
1895 - 1902 |
Arthur Balfour |
|
1902 - 1905 |
|
1905 - 1908 |
|
|
1908 - 1916 |
|
|
1916 - 1922 |
Prime Ministers |
Term |
1922 - 1923 |
|
1923 - 1924 |
|
1924 |
|
Stanley Baldwin |
1924 - 1929 |
Ramsay MacDonald |
1929 - 1935 |
Stanley Baldwin |
1935 - 1937 |
1937 - 1940 |
|
1940 - 1945 |
|
1945 - 1951 |
|
Winston Churchill |
1951 - 1955 |
1955 - 1957 |
|
1957 - 1963 |
|
1963 - 1964 |
|
1964 - 1970 |
|
1970 - 1974 |
|
Harold Wilson |
1974 - 1976 |
1976 - 1979 |
|
1979 - 1990 |
|
1990 - 1997 |
|
1997 - 2007 |
|
2007 - 2010 |
|
2010 - 2016 |
|
2016 - 2019 |
|
2019 - 2022 |
|
2022 |
|
2022 - 2024 |
|
2024 - |