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| '''Uncomplicated Firewall''' ('''UFW''') is a simple-to-use but powerful firewall management software. It is a wrapper around `iptables`, automatically writing rules for it. | '''`ufw(8)`''' (meaning '''Uncomplicated Firewall''') is a firewall management program. It is a wrapper around `iptables(8)`. |
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| UFW is accessed through the `ufw` executable, which on many distributions is installed to `/usr/sbin`--only the root user will have this program on their path. The associated `systemd` service file is `ufw.service`. | <<TableOfContents>> |
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| == Basic Setup == | == Installation == |
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| This is more than sufficient for servers that are not meant to be web-facing. | Install the `ufw` package through your preferred package manager. Then [[Linux/Systemd|start and enable]] ufw.service. |
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| {{{ ufw default deny incoming ufw default allow outgoing ufw allow ssh ufw allow 22 }}} If using custom ports, adjust as needed. This would be set in `/etc/ssh/sshd_config`. |
Note that not all operating systems have strong support for `ufw(8)`. [[Linux/Alpine|Alpine Linux]] prefers its users to use [[Awall]]; [[Linux/Fedora|Fedora]] and associated projects ship with the incompatible [[Linux/SystemdFirewalld|firewalld]]. BSDs do not offer `iptables(8)`, so `ufw(8)` is a non-option. |
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| == HTTP == | == Configuration == |
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| Regardless of `httpd` flavor (Apache, NGINX, lighttpd, etc), this basic configuration should suffice. First the unencrypted port, then the encrypted port. | A basic rule set is: {{{ ufw default deny incoming ufw default allow outgoing ufw allow 22 }}} `ufw(8)` is distributed with '''app profiles''' that simplify the configuration process. Instead of allowing ''ports'', consider allowing ''apps''. {{{ ufw allow ssh }}} === Web Servers === The following rules should allow any web server to operate. |
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| ufw allow 80 | |
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| ufw allow 443 | |
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| If using custom ports, adjust as needed. ---- |
Additional steps may be required if using [[Encryption/Certbot|certbot]] on a custom port. |
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| == FTP == First the unencrypted port, then the encrypted (FTPS, '''not''' SFTP) port. |
=== FTP === |
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| Passive configuration also utilizes a pool of ports. This is an example--'''''not''''' recommended--configuration for `vsftpd`. | Passive configuration also utilizes a pool of ports. Recommended to use custom ports, so adjust as needed. |
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| Recommended to use custom ports, so adjust as needed. |
UFW
ufw(8) (meaning Uncomplicated Firewall) is a firewall management program. It is a wrapper around iptables(8).
Contents
Installation
Install the ufw package through your preferred package manager. Then start and enable ufw.service.
Note that not all operating systems have strong support for ufw(8). Alpine Linux prefers its users to use Awall; Fedora and associated projects ship with the incompatible firewalld. BSDs do not offer iptables(8), so ufw(8) is a non-option.
Configuration
A basic rule set is:
ufw default deny incoming ufw default allow outgoing ufw allow 22
ufw(8) is distributed with app profiles that simplify the configuration process. Instead of allowing ports, consider allowing apps.
ufw allow ssh
Web Servers
The following rules should allow any web server to operate.
ufw allow http ufw allow https
Additional steps may be required if using certbot on a custom port.
FTP
ufw allow 20/tcp ufw allow 21/tcp ufw allow 989/tcp ufw allow 990/tcp
Passive configuration also utilizes a pool of ports. Recommended to use custom ports, so adjust as needed.
ufw allow 40000:42000/tcp