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| '''PHP''' is a scripting language for web services. The PHP project has a strong emphasis on backwards-compatibility, which has led to a prevalence of security issues and intuitive default behaviors. | `php(1)` has a long history, leading to harsh backward-compatibility constraints. The default behaviors are ''not'' desirable on a modern internet. The configuration file is `/etc/php/php.ini`. Some distributions provide two versions: a hardened `php.ini-production` and a verbose `php.ini-development`. |
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| In modern PHP, there are two MySQL driver: `pdo_mysql` and `mysqli` (MySQL Improved). | There are two drivers for [[MySQL]] and/or [[MariaDB]] databases: `pdo_mysql` and `mysqli` (MySQL Improved). |
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| MySQL Native Driver is a set of internal communication utilities that is already enabled. | The '''MySQL Native Driver''' is a set of internal communication utilities that is already enabled. |
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An official driver for [[PostgreSQL]]. |
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| == Security == | == Hardening == |
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| To prevent an attacker from calling PHP directly, force all requests to come through a web server redirection. | To prevent an attacker from calling `php(1)` directly, force all requests to come through a web server redirection. |
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| See also [[NGINX/FastCGIConfiguration#Crafted_URLs|here]]. |
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| For simple environments that don't require file uploads, there are some easy steps that can be taken to harden PHP. | If file uploads are not required, here are some sane defaults. |
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| ---- == Testing == For interactive testing of a configuration file, try: {{{ php -i }}} The `phpinfo` function can also be used to develop a test web page. {{{ <?php phpinfo(); // Show just the module information. phpinfo(INFO_MODULES); ?> }}} |
PHP Configuration
php(1) has a long history, leading to harsh backward-compatibility constraints. The default behaviors are not desirable on a modern internet.
The configuration file is /etc/php/php.ini. Some distributions provide two versions: a hardened php.ini-production and a verbose php.ini-development.
Contents
Configuration Template
[PHP] ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ; php.ini Options ; ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; user_ini.filename = ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ; Language Options ; ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; engine = Off short_open_tag = Off output_buffering = 4096 implicit_flush = Off zend.enable_gc = On zend.exception_ignore_args = On ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ; Miscellaneous ; ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; expose_php = Off ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ; Resource Limits ; ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; max_execution_time = 30 max_input_time = 60 memory_limit = 128M ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ; Error handling and logging ; ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; error_reporting = E_ALL & ~E_DEPRECATED & ~E_STRICT display_errors = Off display_startup_errors = Off log_errors = On report_memleaks = Off report_zend_debug = Off error_log = "/var/log/php.log" ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ; Data Handing ; ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; variables_order = "GPCS" request_order = "GP" register_argc_argv = Off auto_globals_hit = On post_max_size = 8M default_mimetype = "text/html" default_charset = "UTF-8" ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ; Paths and Directories ; ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; doc_root = user_dir = enable_dl = Off ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ; File Uploads ; ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; file_uploads = Off upload_max_filesize = 2m max_file_uploads = 20 ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ; Fopen wrappers ; ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; allow_url_fopen = Off allow_url_include = Off default_socket_timeout = 60
Module Settings
ODBC
extension=odbc [ODBC] odbc.allow_persistent = On odbc.check_persistent = On odbc.max_persistent = -1 odbc.max_links = -1 odbc.defaultlrl = 4096 odbc.defaultbinmode = 1
MySQL
There are two drivers for MySQL and/or MariaDB databases: pdo_mysql and mysqli (MySQL Improved).
extension=pdo_mysql [Pdo_mysql] pdo_mysql.default_socket =
extension=mysqli [MySQLi] mysqli.max_persistent = -1 mysqli.allow_persistent = On mysqli.max_links = -1 mysqli.default_port = 3306 mysqli.default_socket = mysqli.default_host = mysqli.default_user = mysqli.default_pw = mysqli.reconnect = Off
The MySQL Native Driver is a set of internal communication utilities that is already enabled.
[mysqlnd] mysqlnd.collect_statistics = On mysqlnd.collect_memory_statistics = Off
PostgreSQL
An official driver for PostgreSQL.
extension=pgsql [PostgreSQL] pgsql.allow_persistent = On pgsql.auto_reset_persistent = Off pgsql.max_persistent = -1 pgsql.max_links = -1 pgsql.ignore_notice = 0 pgsql.log_notice = 0
LDAP
extension=ldap [ldap] ldap.max_links = -1
mcrypt
mcrypt has been replaced with sodium.
mssql
mssql has been replaced with pdo_dblib.
Hardening
Crafted URLs
To prevent an attacker from calling php(1) directly, force all requests to come through a web server redirection.
; mitigate crafted URLs cgi.force_redirect = On
Read-Only
If file uploads are not required, here are some sane defaults.
; disable uploading file_uploads = Off ; disable remote file access allow_url_fopen = Off allow_url_include = Off
Leaking Information
Several debugging settings should be explicitly disabled for production.
zend.exception_ignore_args = On display_errors = Off display_startup_errors = Off report_memleaks = Off report_zend_debug = Off
Testing
For interactive testing of a configuration file, try:
php -i
The phpinfo function can also be used to develop a test web page.
<?php phpinfo(); // Show just the module information. phpinfo(INFO_MODULES); ?>