LaTeX Indentation
LaTeX does a great deal of arithmetic to arrive at the 'best' alignment of text. Sometimes, 'best' just isn't good enough.
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Paragraph Indentation
Paragraph indentation length is set by \parindent. To change it, try:
\setlength\parindent{24pt}Most paragraphs are automatically indented on the first line. The primary exception is the paragraph immediately following a section title. To force indentation on that paragraph, include the indentfirst package at the top of the document (i.e. \usepackage{indentfirst}).