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| In 1002, '''Vladivoj''' returned Bohemia to the Holy Roman Empire under '''Henry II'''. '''Bretislav I''' conquered Moravia in the 1020s; they would become a critical crownland. A margraviate of Moravia was established in 1182. | In 1002, '''Vladivoj''' returned Bohemia to the Holy Roman Empire under '''Henry II'''. '''Bretislav I''' conquered Moravia in the 1020s; they would become a critical crownland. |
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| The '''margraviate of Moravia''' was established in 1182 for the kingdom of Bohemia. |
Czech Monarchs
The modern Czech state has never been a monarchy. For all intents and purposes however, it is an indirect successor to the Kingdom of Bohemia and associated titles.
Contents
Great Moravia
Mojmir I built Great Moravia by uniting Slavic tribes in the 9th century, especially the principalities of Moravia and Nitra. Moravia was a duchy vassalized to Louis II (a.k.a. Louis the German), king of East Francia.
By 907, much of southeastern Moravia had been conquered by the ascendant kingdom of Hungary.
Duchy of Bohemia
In the 890s, Bohemia seceded from Moravia to become a duchy vassal of Arnulf, king of East Francia.
In the 10th century the duchy became effectively sovereign, owing to the ascendant kingdom of Hungary expelling East Frankish and Byzantine influence in the region.
In 1002, Vladivoj returned Bohemia to the Holy Roman Empire under Henry II. Bretislav I conquered Moravia in the 1020s; they would become a critical crownland.
In 1085, Henry III raised Vratislaus II to king of Bohemia. Similarly, in 1147, Frederick Barbarossa raised Vladislav II to king of Bohemia. Neither title was hereditary.
Kingdom of Bohemia
After Henry VI died in 1197, a succession war for the Holy Roman Empire began between Philip and Otto IV. Ottokar initially supported Philip, and was rewarded with a hereditary title of king. By 1200 Ottokar had joined Otto IV, who agreed to recognize the kingdom. This was formalized in 1212 by Frederick II.
The "Golden Age" was the reign of Charles IV, who also was elected Holy Roman Emperor.
Bohemia was held in personal union with Hungary, Croatia, and the Holy Roman Empire under Sigismund. From this point on, Bohemia would fall into the sway of Hungarian politics. After the Ottoman conquest of Buda, both "Royal Hungary" and the kingdom of Bohemia joined the Habsburg empire.
Duchy of Upper and Lower Silesia
Margraviate of Moravia
The margraviate of Moravia was established in 1182 for the kingdom of Bohemia.