Croat Monarchs

A history of Croat monarchs.

Kingdom of Croatia

Tomislav established a kingdom in 925 by joining the duchies of Pannonia and Dalmatia. This kingdom was organized into counties called zupanije. Kings appointed a viceroy called a ban.

The kingdom's focus was in consolidating control over the Dalmatian city-states, which brought it into conflict (and bargaining) with the Bulgarians and Byzantines.

Kingdom of Hungary and Croatia

Coloman was elected king of Croatia and Dalmatia. The kingdoms of Hungary and Croatia entered into a union that would hold until Ottoman conquest.

As the monarchs typically reigned from Hungary, one or more viceroys were appointed to oversee Croatia. The title ban continued to be used for these offices. The banate of Slavonia became a position of particular influence, and eventually was raised to a duchy.

Kingdom of Dalmatia

Following a brief Napoleonic conquest, the Dalmatian coast was consolidated under the Austrian Empire.

The region was reorganized into a new Kingdom of Dalmatia and became a Habsburg crownland, with its capital in Zadar.

Triune Kingdom

The concept of a united Croatia, Dalmatia, and Slavonia was popular among nationalists. This was alluded to in the Austro-Hungarian Compromise, which supposedly established a union of the Kingdom of Hungary and the Triune Kingdom. Dalmatia, however, continued to be administered by Austria.

Yugoslavia

The Treaty of Trianon ceded the entirety of Croatia, Slavonia, and Dalmatia to Serbia. See the history of Croat democratization for the continuation of this national identity.

Dynasties

Trpimirovic

Kresimir III and Gojslav co-ruled until the latter's death.

Snacic

After the Trpimirovic dynasty ended without an heir, Ladislaus I of Hungary pressed a claim on the kingdom. Petar Snacic was elected by local nobility to oppose his invasion.

While Petar would outlive Ladislaus I, his successor Coloman completed the conquest; Petar died in battle without an heir.

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