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| = Austria = | = Austrian Monarchs = A history of '''Austrian monarchs'''. |
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| The earliest incarnation of an Austrian state was the '''Avar March''', established by [[WorldHistory/Francia|Charlemagne]]. It was disestablished as the [[Hungary/Monarchs#Kingdom_of_Hungary|Magyars]] advanced in the 10th century, but then re-established as the '''Bavarian March''' by [[Germany/Monarchs#Kingdom_of_Germany|Otto I]]. In 976, '''Otto II''' enfeoffed '''Leopold I''' as '''margrave of Austria'''. '''Leopold IV''' supported '''Conrad III''' against his [[Germany/Monarchs#Welf|Welf]] rivals and was rewarded with the confiscated '''duchy of Bavaria'''. His son, '''Henry II''', was forced to renounce the duchy by [[WorldHistory/HolyRomanEmpire/FrederickI|Frederick Barbarossa]], so that it could be returned to '''Henry XI''' as part of peace terms. As compensation, his margraviate was raised to the '''duchy of Austria'''. For a significant era, the '''(arch)duchy of Austria''', '''house of Habsburg''', and [[WorldHistory/HolyRomanEmpire|Holy Roman Empire]] are practically indistinguishable. The significant alternative is the [[Germany/Monarchs#Margraviate_of_Brandenburg|margraviate of Brandenburg]]. The empire was ended through the [[WorldHistory/NapoleonicWars|Napoleonic Wars]]. |
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Despite the dissolution of the [[WorldHistory/HolyRomanEmpire|Holy Roman Empire]], Habsburg and Austrian regional hegemony was not interrupted. This imperial complex now took the name of '''Austrian Empire'''. TODO: learn more history! |
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| TODO: learn more history! ---- == Dynasties == === Habsburg === [[Austria/RudolfI|Rudolf I]] was elected [[Germany/Monarchs#Kingdom_of_Germany|king of Germany]] but was never crowned [[WorldHistory/HolyRomanEmpire|emperor]]. Nonetheless, '''Rudolf II''' enumerated himself as such in reference to his ancestor. Rudolf I invested '''Albert I''' as '''duke of Austria''', and it remained a Habsburg crownland thereafter. The house also dominated the [[WorldHistory/HolyRomanEmpire|Holy Roman Empire]] from [[WorldHistory/HolyRomanEmpire/FrederickIII|Frederick V]] until its dissolution. For some periods, Austria was was divided into duchies of '''Austria Proper''', '''Inner Austria''', and '''Further Austria'''. [[WorldHistory/Styria|Styria]], Carinthia, and Carniola formed the basis of Inner Austria. Swabia and [[WorldHistory/Tyrol|Tyrol]] formed the basis of Further Austria. The 15th century in particular saw disintegration of authority in Austria. Frederick V and '''Albert VII''' were effectively co-rulers, but Albert had nominally rebelled and seized Further Austria for himself. At the same time, [[Hungary/MatthiasI|Matthias Corvinus]] had seized Austria proper and claimed to be archduke of Austria himself. The [[Spain/Monarchs#Habsburg|Spanish line]] splits from '''Philip II''', son of [[WorldHistory/HolyRomanEmpire/CharlesV|Charles V]]. ||'''Monarchs''' ||'''Reign'''|| ||[[Austria/RudolfI|Rudolf I]]||1273 - 1291|| ||'''Dukes''' ||'''Local Name'''||'''Reign'''|| ||... || || || ||[[WorldHistory/HolyRomanEmpire/FrederickIII|Frederick V]] || ||1424 - 1493|| ||Albert VI ||Albrecht ||1424 - 1463|| ||Maximilian I || ||1493 - 1519|| ||[[WorldHistory/HolyRomanEmpire/CharlesV|Charles V]] ||Karl ||1519 - 1556|| ||[[WorldHistory/HolyRomanEmpire/FerdinandI|Ferdinand I]] || ||1556 - 1564|| ||Maximilian II || ||1564 - 1576|| ||Rudolf II || ||1576 - 1608|| ||Matthias || ||1608 - 1619|| ||Albert VII ||Albrecht ||1619 || ||[[WorldHistory/HolyRomanEmpire/FerdinandII|Ferdinand II]] || ||1619 - 1637|| ||[[WorldHistory/HolyRomanEmpire/FerdinandIII|Ferdinand III]]|| ||1637 - 1657|| ||[[WorldHistory/HolyRomanEmpire/LeopoldI|Leopold I]] || ||1657 - 1705|| ||[[WorldHistory/HolyRomanEmpire/JosephI|Joseph I]] || ||1705 - 1711|| ||[[WorldHistory/HolyRomanEmpire/CharlesVI|Charles VI]] ||Karl ||1711 - 1740|| ||[[Austria/MariaTheresa|Maria Theresa]] || ||1740 - 1780|| ||[[WorldHistory/HolyRomanEmpire/JosephII|Joseph II]] || ||1765 - 1790|| ||[[WorldHistory/HolyRomanEmpire/LeopoldII|Leopold II]] || ||1790 - 1792|| ||[[WorldHistory/HolyRomanEmpire/FrancisII|Francis II]] || ||1792 - 1804|| ||'''Emperors''' ||'''Local Name'''||'''Reign'''|| ||[[WorldHistory/HolyRomanEmpire/FrancisII|Francis II]] || ||1804 - 1835|| ||... || || || |
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Austrian Monarchs
A history of Austrian monarchs.
Contents
Duchy of Austria
The earliest incarnation of an Austrian state was the Avar March, established by Charlemagne. It was disestablished as the Magyars advanced in the 10th century, but then re-established as the Bavarian March by Otto I.
In 976, Otto II enfeoffed Leopold I as margrave of Austria.
Leopold IV supported Conrad III against his Welf rivals and was rewarded with the confiscated duchy of Bavaria. His son, Henry II, was forced to renounce the duchy by Frederick Barbarossa, so that it could be returned to Henry XI as part of peace terms. As compensation, his margraviate was raised to the duchy of Austria.
For a significant era, the (arch)duchy of Austria, house of Habsburg, and Holy Roman Empire are practically indistinguishable. The significant alternative is the margraviate of Brandenburg.
The empire was ended through the Napoleonic Wars.
Austrian Empire
Despite the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire, Habsburg and Austrian regional hegemony was not interrupted. This imperial complex now took the name of Austrian Empire.
TODO: learn more history!
Austro-Hungarian Empire
TODO: learn more history!
Dynasties
Habsburg
Rudolf I was elected king of Germany but was never crowned emperor. Nonetheless, Rudolf II enumerated himself as such in reference to his ancestor.
Rudolf I invested Albert I as duke of Austria, and it remained a Habsburg crownland thereafter. The house also dominated the Holy Roman Empire from Frederick V until its dissolution.
For some periods, Austria was was divided into duchies of Austria Proper, Inner Austria, and Further Austria. Styria, Carinthia, and Carniola formed the basis of Inner Austria. Swabia and Tyrol formed the basis of Further Austria.
The 15th century in particular saw disintegration of authority in Austria. Frederick V and Albert VII were effectively co-rulers, but Albert had nominally rebelled and seized Further Austria for himself. At the same time, Matthias Corvinus had seized Austria proper and claimed to be archduke of Austria himself.
The Spanish line splits from Philip II, son of Charles V.
Monarchs |
Reign |
1273 - 1291 |
Dukes |
Local Name |
Reign |
... |
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|
|
1424 - 1493 |
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Albert VI |
Albrecht |
1424 - 1463 |
Maximilian I |
|
1493 - 1519 |
Karl |
1519 - 1556 |
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1556 - 1564 |
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Maximilian II |
|
1564 - 1576 |
Rudolf II |
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1576 - 1608 |
Matthias |
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1608 - 1619 |
Albert VII |
Albrecht |
1619 |
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1619 - 1637 |
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1637 - 1657 |
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1657 - 1705 |
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1705 - 1711 |
|
Karl |
1711 - 1740 |
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1740 - 1780 |
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1765 - 1790 |
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1790 - 1792 |
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1792 - 1804 |
Emperors |
Local Name |
Reign |
|
1804 - 1835 |
|
... |
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