= World War 1 = '''World War 1''' was fought between the [[WorldHistory/CentralPowers|Central Powers]] and [[WorldHistory/AlliedPowers|Allied Powers]]. <> ---- == Antecedents == Following the [[WorldHistory/OttomanEmpire|Ottoman]] defeat in the [[WorldHistory/BalkanWars|First Balkan War]], and as '''Kamil Pasha''' prepared for peace negotiations, the '''Raid on the Sublime Porte''' saw the Committee of Union and Progress seize power. This new militarist government found the [[Germany/Monarchs#German_Empire|German Empire]] to be a natural ally against its geopolitical rival, [[Russia/Monarchs#Imperial_Russia|Russia]]. ---- == Pacific Theater == ---- == Western Theater == ---- == Eastern Theater == ---- == Conclusions == === German Empire === In the final days of the war, '''Max von Baden''' declared the abdication of [[Germany/WilliamII|Wilhelm II]] and transferred power to [[Germany/FriedrichEbert|Ebert]]. The [[Germany/Democratization#Weimar_Republic|Weimar Republic]] emerged as the legitimate government of Germany. The terms of the '''Treaty of Versailles''' were: * continental land cessions, the most important of which were: * Alsace-Lorraine to France * Pomerelia to Poland (the '''Polish Corridor''') * [[Poland/Gdansk|Danzig]] released to direct administration by the [[WorldHistory/LeagueOfNations|League of Nations]] as the '''Free City of Danzig''' * demilitarization * colonial cessions * France claimed [[Togo|Togoland]] and [[Cameroon|Kamerun]] * UK claimed German East Africa (''Deutsch-Ostafrika'') ('''DOA'''); this became [[Tanzania|Tanganyika]] * Belgium claimed a small part of DOA adjacent to [[DemocraticRepublicOfTheCongo|Belgian Congo]]; this became [[Rwanda|Ruanda]]-[[Burundi|Urundi]] * UK consolidated German South West Africa (''Deutsch-Südwestafrika'') into the colony of [[SouthAfrica|South Africa]] * Pacific territories were partitioned in the '''South Seas Mandate''' * [[WorldHistory/EmpireOfJapan|Japan]] claimed the portions of German New Guinea north of the equator. * UK consolidated most of the portions south of the equator into the colony of [[Australia]] * [[Samoa|German Samoa]] was specifically consolidated into the colony of [[NewZealand|New Zealand]] * liability for the war * the Ruhr was occupied and managed as an extractive colony by France to pay the reparation The restrictions on naval power would be effectively terminated by the [[WorldHistory/AngloGermanNavalAgreement|Anglo-German Naval Agreement]]. === Austro-Hungarian Empire === The [[Austria/Monarchs#Austro-Hungarian_Empire|Austro-Hungarian Empire]] was handled separately, as several new states were declaring independence or being propped up in the former territory. First, [[Austria/Democratization#First_Republic_of_Austria|Austria]] was addressed in the '''Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye''' in 1919. * TODO: learn more history! Importantly, because the [[WorldHistory/LeagueOfNations|League of Nations]] was baked into this treaty, the [[UnitedStates/WarrenGHarding|U.S.]] refused to ratify it. This required a second, bilateral peace treaty in the '''U.S.-Austrian Peace Treaty''' of 1921. In the meantime, [[Hungary/MihalyKarolyi|Hungary]] had unilaterally demilitarized and invited peace negotiations to begin. [[Czechia/TomasMasaryk|Czechoslovakia]], [[Serbia/PeterI|Serbia]], and [[Romania/FerdinandI|Romania]] instead took this as an opportunity to ''restart'' the war. [[France/GeorgesClemenceau|France]] supported the invasion with intent to make the territory cessions permanent, as part of propping up a '''Little Entente'''. [[Hungary/MiklosHorthy|Horthy]] was coerced to sign the '''Treaty of Trianon''', also known as the '''Dictate of Trianon'''. The terms were: * TODO: learn more history! === Ottoman Empire === The '''Armistice of Mudros''' ceased hostilities on the eastern front and allowed an occupation by British, French, and Italian armies to begin. '''Mehmed VI''' was generally accommodating to their demands. The '''Treaty of Sèvres''' included severe concessions. '''Mustafa Kemal Pasha''' established a provisional government in [[Turkey/Ankara|Ankara]] and refused to ratify the treaty; hostilities resumed as the [[WorldHistory/TurkishWarOfIndependence|Turkish War of Independence]]. ---- CategoryRicottone CategoryTodoLearnHistory