= Anne = '''Anne''' was the queen of [[UnitedKingdom/Monarchs#Kingdom_of_Great_Britain|Great Britain]] and [[Ireland/Monarchs#Kingdom_of_Ireland|Ireland]]. <> ---- == History == Despite being [[UnitedKingdom/WilliamIII|William's]] heir apparent since 1694, she had been effectively exiled from court. William did eventually die in 1702, leaving her to inherit the [[UnitedKingdom/Monarchs#Kingdom_of_England|English]], Scottish, and [[Ireland/Monarchs#Kingdom_of_Ireland|Irish crowns]]. ---- == Reign == Anne appointed a mixed government of both [[UnitedKingdom/ToryParty|Tories]] and [[UnitedKingdom/WhigParty|Whigs]]. In 1707, through the '''Acts of Union''' passed in both Parliaments, the [[UnitedKingdom/Monarchs#Kingdom_of_England|English]] and Scottish crowns were permanently united into the [[UnitedKingdom/Monarchs#Kingdom_of_Great_Britain|kingdom of Great Britain]]. === War of Spanish Succession === Must of Anne's reign was devoted to the [[WorldHistory/WarOfSpanishSuccession|War of Spanish Succession]] which she inherited, and which quickly became a financial burden on her government. [[UnitedKingdom/JohnChurchill|Churchill]], whom the ailing [[UnitedKingdom/WilliamIII|William]] had appointed as his representative for the '''Treaty of The Hague''', was retained as captain-general of the armies. His skill and successes made him extremely powerful in both the '''Grand Alliance''' armies and domestically. However, his persistent remoteness ensured a gradual downfall. Anne's government drifted to favor a '''Whig Junto''' (i.e., [[UnitedKingdom/JohnSomers|Somers]], [[UnitedKingdom/CharlesMontagu|Montagu]], [[UnitedKingdom/ThomasWharton|Wharton]], and [[UnitedKingdom/EdwardRussell|Russell]]). The oppositional '''Country Whigs''' merged with the Tories and, in 1710, in the context of the '''Sacheverell riots''', won a majority in the [[UnitedKingdom/Parliament|Parliament]]. Anne appointed a Tory government led by [[UnitedKingdom/RobertHarley|Harley]] and [[UnitedKingdom/HenryStJohn|St John]], who then enacted a strategy to force a peace treaty. Churchill was relieved of his command, and English forces were directed to cease combat. Bilateral diplomacy with [[France/LouisXIV|Louis XIV]] was opened. The '''Treaty of Utrecht''' was pushed through the Parliament over Whig opposition by the rapid creation of new Tory peerages. ---- == Legacy == Per the '''Act of Settlement''' of 1701, Catholics could not succeed to the English throne. When Anne died in 1714, the crown passed over the Jacobite claim to [[UnitedKingdom/GeorgeI|George I]]. ---- CategoryRicottone