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| '''Uncomplicated Firewall''' ('''UFW''') is a simple-to-use but powerful firewall management software. It is a wrapper around '''iptables''', automatically writing rules for it. | '''`ufw(8)`''' (meaning '''Uncomplicated Firewall''') is a firewall management program. It is a wrapper around `iptables(8)`. <<TableOfContents>> ---- |
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| == Basic Setup == | |
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| This is more than sufficient for servers that are not meant to be web-facing. | == Installation == Install the `ufw` package through your preferred package manager. Then [[Linux/Systemd|start and enable]] ufw.service. Note that not all operating systems have strong support for `ufw(8)`. [[Linux/AlpineLinux|Alpine Linux]] prefers its users to use [[Awall]]; [[Linux/Fedora|Fedora]] and [[Linux/CentOS|associated projects]] ship with the incompatible [[Linux/SystemdFirewalld|firewalld]]. BSDs do not offer `iptables(8)`, so `ufw(8)` is a non-option. ---- == Configuration == A basic rule set is: |
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| ufw allow outgoing all ufw deny incoming all ufw allow ssh |
ufw default deny incoming ufw default allow outgoing |
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| If using custom ports, adjust as needed. This would be set in `/etc/ssh/sshd_config`. | `ufw(8)` is distributed with '''app profiles''' that simplify the configuration process. Instead of allowing ''ports'', consider allowing ''apps''. {{{ ufw allow ssh }}} |
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| == HTTP == | |
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| Regardless of `httpd` flavor (Apache, NGINX, lighttpd, etc), this basic configuration should suffice. | === Web Servers === The following rules should allow any web server to operate. |
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| ufw allow 80 | |
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| ufw allow 443 | |
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| If using custom ports, adjust as needed. | Additional steps may be required if using [[Encryption/Certbot|certbot]] on a custom port. |
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| == FTP == | |
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| There are standard unencrypted FTP ports: | === FTP === |
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| ufw allow 989/tcp ufw allow 990/tcp |
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| For security, encrypted FTP uses a pool of ports. This is the recommended setup for `vsftpd`: | Passive configuration also utilizes a pool of ports. Recommended to use custom ports, so adjust as needed. |
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| ufw allow 990/tcp |
UFW
ufw(8) (meaning Uncomplicated Firewall) is a firewall management program. It is a wrapper around iptables(8).
Contents
Installation
Install the ufw package through your preferred package manager. Then start and enable ufw.service.
Note that not all operating systems have strong support for ufw(8). Alpine Linux prefers its users to use Awall; Fedora and associated projects ship with the incompatible firewalld. BSDs do not offer iptables(8), so ufw(8) is a non-option.
Configuration
A basic rule set is:
ufw default deny incoming ufw default allow outgoing ufw allow 22
ufw(8) is distributed with app profiles that simplify the configuration process. Instead of allowing ports, consider allowing apps.
ufw allow ssh
Web Servers
The following rules should allow any web server to operate.
ufw allow http ufw allow https
Additional steps may be required if using certbot on a custom port.
FTP
ufw allow 20/tcp ufw allow 21/tcp ufw allow 989/tcp ufw allow 990/tcp
Passive configuration also utilizes a pool of ports. Recommended to use custom ports, so adjust as needed.
ufw allow 40000:42000/tcp