= Python =

The '''Python programming language''' is an interpreted, duck-typed language.

On most platforms, the interpreter is called by '''`python(1)`'''. Some platforms distribute with version suffixes that may or may not be optional. The `py(1)` launcher is also available.

<<TableOfContents>>

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== Example ==

{{{
#!/usr/bin/env python
print("Hello, world")
}}}

A program is more commonly structured like:

{{{
#!/usr/bin/env python

def main():
    print("Hello, world")

if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()
}}}

If using Python 2, the print command is instead a statement.

{{{
#!/usr/bin/env python2
print "Hello, world"
}}}

To run the program, try:

{{{
python hello.py
}}}

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== Tool chain ==

 * [[Python/Installation|Installation]]
 * [[Python/Pip|pip]]
 * [[Python/Pipx|pipx]]
 * [[Python/PyProject|pyproject.toml]]
 * [[Python/PyCompile|py_compile]]
 * [[Python/Six|six]]
 * [[Python/TimeIt|timeit]]
 * [[Python/TypeAnnotation|Type Annotation]]
 * [[Python/Unittest|unittest]]
 * [[Python/Venv|venv]]



== Applications and Servers ==

 * [[Encryption/Certbot|certbot]]
 * [[Python/Django|Django]]
 * [[Python/Flask|Flask]]
 * [[Python/Gunicorn|Gunicorn]]
 * [[Python/IPython|IPython]]
 * [[Python/MoinMoin|MoinMoin]]
 * [[Python/Uwsgi|uWSGI]]
 * [[Python/Werkzeug|Werkzeug]]



== Language ==

 * [[Python/Builtins|Built-ins]]
 * [[Python/ContextManager|Context managers]]
 * [[Python/DunderMethod|Dunder methods]]
 * [[Python/FStrings|F-strings]]
 * [[Python/Generator|Generators]]
 * [[Python/FunctionComposition|Function composition]]
 * [[Python/StringMethods|String methods]]



== Standard Library Modules ==


 * [[Python/Base64|base64]]
 * [[Python/CMath|cmath]]
 * [[Python/Codecs|codecs]]
 * [[Python/Collections|collections]]
 * [[Python/Collections/Abc|collections.abc]]
 * [[Python/ConfigParser|configparser]]
 * [[Python/ContextLib|contextlib]]
 * [[Python/Copy|copy]]
 * [[Python/Csv|csv]]
 * [[Python/DataClasses|dataclasses]]
 * [[Python/Datetime|datetime]]
 * [[Python/Datetime/Date|datetime.date]]
 * [[Python/Datetime/Datetime|datetime.datetime]]
 * [[Python/Datetime/Time|datetime.time]]
 * [[Python/Datetime/TimeDelta|datetime.timedelta]]
 * [[Python/Decimal|decimal]]
 * [[Python/DiffLib|difflib]]
 * [[Python/Email|email]]
 * [[Python/Email/ContentManager|email.contentmanager]]
 * [[Python/Email/Errors|email.errors]]
 * [[Python/Email/Message|email.message]]
 * [[Python/Email/Parser|email.parser]]
 * [[Python/Enum|enum]]
 * [[Python/FileCmp|filecmp]]
 * [[Python/Fractions|fractions]]
 * [[Python/FtpLib|ftplib]]
 * [[Python/FuncTools|functools]]
 * [[Python/GetPass|getpass]]
 * [[Python/Html|html]]
 * [[Python/Html/Parser|html.parser]]
 * [[Python/ImapLib|imaplib]]
 * [[Python/Inspect|inspect]]
 * [[Python/IO|io]]
 * [[Python/IterTools|itertools]]
 * [[Python/Json|json]]
 * [[Python/Math|math]]
 * [[Python/Operator|operator]]
 * [[Python/Os|os]]
 * [[Python/Os/Path|os.path]]
 * [[Python/PathLib|pathlib]]
 * [[Python/Pickle|pickle]]
 * [[Python/PopLib|poplib]]
 * [[Python/PPrint|pprint]]
 * [[Python/QuoPri|quopri]]
 * [[Python/Random|random]]
 * [[Python/Re|re]]
 * [[Python/ShUtil|shutil]]
 * [[Python/SmtpLib|smtplib]]
 * [[Python/Sqlite3|sqlite3]]
 * [[Python/Statistics|statistics]]
 * [[Python/Strings|strings]]
 * [[Python/Sys|sys]]
 * [[Python/TempFile|tempfile]]
 * [[Python/TkInter|tkinter]]
 * [[Python/TomlLib|tomllib]]
 * [[Python/Typing|typing]]
 * [[Python/UrlLib|urllib]]
 * [[Python/XmlDomMinidom|xml.dom.minidom]]
 * [[Python/XmlSax|xml.sax]]



== Third-Party Modules ==

 * [[Python/BeautifulSoup|Beautiful Soup]]
 * [[Python/Jinja|Jinja]]
 * [[Python/HuggingFace|Hugging Face]]
 * [[Python/LxmlEtree|lxml.etree]]
 * [[Python/Matplotlib|Matplotlib]]
 * [[Python/NumPy|NumPy]]
 * [[Python/Pandas|Pandas]]
 * [[Python/Pdfminer|pdfminer]]
 * [[Python/Pillow|Pillow]]
 * [[Python/Pygments|Pygments]]
 * [[Python/Requests|Requests]]
 * [[Python/SciPy|SciPy]]
 * [[SPSS/Python|SPSS' proprietary interface (spss, spssaux, spssdata, and SpssClient)]]
 * [[Stata/Python|Stata's proprietary interface (sfi)]]
 * [[Python/SqlAlchemy|SqlAlchemy]]



== Creating Libraries ==

 * [[Python/DunderFiles|Dunder Files]]
 * [[Python/SetupFiles|Setup Files]]

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== See also ==

[[https://docs.python.org/3/reference/index.html|The Python Language Reference]]

[[https://docs.python.org/3/library/index.html|The Python Standard Library]], the standard library reference manual

[[https://pymotw.com/3/|Python Module of the Week blog]]



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