= Issues Evolution Model = The '''issues evolution model''' is a framework for studying issue realignment. <> ---- == Description == The model characterizes party realignments as the product of persistent and salient issues. These are issues that remain on agendas and platforms for years on end, and that present as easy opinions (i.e. for or against, no nuance). In contrast to [[PoliticalScience/CriticalElectionsTheory|critical elections theory]], the model predicts that realignment is caused by party leaders, and that it is an entirely gradual process. ---- == Reading Notes == * [[IssueEvolutionPopulationReplacementAndNormalPartisanChange|Issue Evolution, Population Replacement, and Normal Partisan Change]], Edward G. Carmines and James A. Stimson, 1981 * [[IssueEvolutionRaceAndTheTransformationOfAmericanPolitics|Issue Evolution: Race and the Transformation of American Politics]], Edward G. Carmines and James A. Stimson, 1989 * [[AbortionEvidenceOfAnIssueEvolution|Abortion: Evidence of an Issue Evolution]], Greg D. Adams, 1997 ---- CategoryRicottone