Differences between revisions 12 and 21 (spanning 9 versions)
⇤ ← Revision 12 as of 2025-12-18 18:48:46 →
Size: 2773
Editor: DominicRicottone
Comment: Link
← Revision 21 as of 2026-03-10 22:20:40 → ⇥
Size: 5272
Editor: DominicRicottone
Comment: Link
Deletions are marked like this. Additions are marked like this.
Line 21: Line 21:
== Waves ==

This field has conceptualized three 'waves' of democratization.

 1. The first wave was very general, starting somewhere in the 19th century and continuing until the rise of [[Italy/BenitoMussolini|fascism]].
 2. The second wave followed [[WorldHistory/WorldWar2|WW2]] and was characterized by decolonization.
 3. The third wave began with [[Portugal]] and [[Spain/Democratization#Constitution_of_1978|Spain]], but is largely a story of Latin America, Asia, and Eastern Europe following the fall of the [[WorldHistory/SovietUnion|USSR]].

There are then reactionary waves of autocratization that follow these:

 1. Obviously, the rise of fascism.
 2. Decolonization dropped off in the 1960s. The Cold War also saw several notable autocracies propped up.
 3. In the context of the [[UnitedStates/GeorgeWBush|War on Terror]] and the Great Recession of 2008, many democracies have backslid. The Arab Spring is a notable counterpoint.

----
Line 26: Line 44:
 * [[DemocraticBackslidingConflictAndPartisanMobilisationOfEthnicGroups|Democratic backsliding, conflict, and partisan mobilisation of ethnic groups: local government control and electoral participation in Turkey]], Reşat Bayer and Özge Kemahlıoğlu, 2023
Line 27: Line 46:
 * [[DoesVoteBuyingUndermineConfidenceInBallotSecrecy|Does vote buying undermine confidence in ballot secrecy? Theory and experimental evidence]], Sergio J. Ascencio and Han Il Chang, 2024
 * [[ATickingTimeBomb|A Ticking Time Bomb: Restrictions on Abortion Rights and Physical Integrity Rights Abuses]]; Nazli Avdan, Amanda Murdie, and Victor Asal; 2024
 * [[GenderEqualityAndAuthoritarianRegimes|Gender Equality and Authoritarian Regimes: New Directions for Research]], Sarah Sunn Bush and Pär Zetterberg, 2024
Line 34: Line 56:
 * [[DoesMultilevelGovernmentIncreaseLegitimacy|Does multilevel government increase legitimacy? Citizens’ preferences for subnational authority and acceptance of governmental decisions]], Berkay Alica and Arjan H. Schakel, 2025
 * [[TheWouldBeAutocratsToolkit|The would-be autocrats’ toolkit: what do incumbents do when they undermine democracy?]], Joep van Lit and Carolien van Ham, 2026
 * [[UnityMakesStrength|Unity makes strength: Patterns of democratic resistance against autocratization]], Guido Panzano and Luca Tomini, 2026
 * [[InternationalFinancialInstitutionsAndThePromotionOfAutocraticResilience|International Financial Institutions and the Promotion of Autocratic Resilience]], Christina Cottiero and Christina J. Schneider, 2026

Democratization

Democratization (and the inverse, autocratization or democratic backsliding) are comparative fields of study of (positively) how democracy is established and (normatively) how its establishment can be encouraged.

Contents

  1. Democratization
    1. Description
    2. Waves
    3. Reading Notes

Description

Democratization is a field of study approached by many competing theories and frameworks. As examples:

  • Some authors explore democratic backslide as a consequence of 'worsening' political polarization, and therefore apply affective polarization or constructivist methods. These typically lean into the normative side of the field.

  • Some authors explore autocracy as an instrument: an institution that is designed to extract benefits from one group for another. This is also an example of positive theory in this field.

Waves

This field has conceptualized three 'waves' of democratization.

  1. The first wave was very general, starting somewhere in the 19th century and continuing until the rise of fascism.

  2. The second wave followed WW2 and was characterized by decolonization.

  3. The third wave began with Portugal and Spain, but is largely a story of Latin America, Asia, and Eastern Europe following the fall of the USSR.

There are then reactionary waves of autocratization that follow these:

  1. Obviously, the rise of fascism.
  2. Decolonization dropped off in the 1960s. The Cold War also saw several notable autocracies propped up.

  3. In the context of the War on Terror and the Great Recession of 2008, many democracies have backslid. The Arab Spring is a notable counterpoint.

Reading Notes

CategoryRicottone

PoliticalScience/Democratization (last edited 2026-03-10 22:20:40 by DominicRicottone)