= Polish Monarchs = A history of Polish dukes and monarchs. <> ---- == Duchy of Poland == The duchy was intermittently a kingdom. [[Poland/BoleslawI|Bolesław I]] was raised to a king in 1025; '''Mieszko II''' inherited the title but was deposed in 1031, and '''Bezprym''' did not claim the title. '''Bolesław II''' was raised to a king in 1076. '''Bolesław III''' divided his kingdom between his sons. ---- === Duchy of Krakow === The '''Seniorate Province''', also known as the '''high duchy of Krakow''', went to [[Poland/WladyslawIITheExile|Władysław II]]. '''Leszek I''' was the last high duke, after which Krakow became a simple duchy. The duchy was incorporated into the kingdom of Poland by [[Poland/WladyslawI|Władysław I]] as the '''Krakow voivodeship'''. ---- === Duchy of Silesia === The '''duchy of Silesia''' also went to [[Poland/WladyslawIITheExile|Władysław II]]. When [[Poland/BoleslawIV|Bolesław IV]] deposed Władysław, he claimed this duchy for himself. [[WorldHistory/HolyRomanEmpire/FrederickBarbarossa|Frederick Barbarossa]] conquered the duchy for the sons of Bolesław IV, and they fragmented it further. The '''Silesian branch''' of the '''Piast dynasty''' played a minor role in Polish succession until '''Henry I''' became high duke in 1232. ==== Duchies of Silesia ==== The fragmented duchy of Silesia created dozens of smaller duchies. * Bernstadt * Bielsko * Buchwald * Brzeg * Bytom * Coschok * Cosel * Crossen * Falkenberg * Freudenthal * Freystadt * Gleiwitz * Glogow * Glubczyce * Goldberg * Grottkau * Grunberg * Haynau * Hirschberg * Jawor * Krnov * Legnica * Lowenberg * Loslau * Luben * Munsterberg * Namslau * Nysa * Oels * Ohlau * Opole * Oswiecim * Parchwiz * Prudnik * Pless * Raciborz * Rybnik * Siewierz * Sprottau * Steinau * Strehlitz * Swidnica * Teschen * Tost * Troppau * Wohlau * Wroclaw * Zator * Zagan The '''duchy of Troppau''', also known as the '''principality of Opava''', would be effectively added to this list when it was merged with Raciborz from 1337 until 1464. A short lived (1420 - 1460) '''duchy of Glogowek and Prudnik''' was the result of a personal union. The duchies of Silesia were vassalized to '''John''' of [[Czechia/Monarchs#Kingdom_of_Bohemia|Bohemia]] in 1335. ---- === Duchy of Mazovia === The '''duchy of Mazovia''' went to [[Poland/BoleslawIV|Bolesław IV]]. '''Casimir II''' inherits the duchy after his nephew dies without an heir of his own, starting the '''Masovian branch''' of the Piast dynasty. Over generations the duchy was further fragmented. * Belz * Czersk * Dobrzyn * Kuyavia * Plock * Rawa * Warsaw Only in the 16th century did Mazovia fully return to the kingdom of Poland, under the '''Rawa''', '''Plock''', and '''Masovian voivodeships'''. ---- === Duchy of Greater Poland === The '''duchy of Greater Poland''' went to '''Mieszko III'''. Through land wars the duchy fragmented into the duchies of '''Poznan''', '''Kalisz''', and '''Gniezno'''. The duchy were reunited by [[Poland/PrzemyslII|Przemysl II]] in 1279. Although the kingdom of Przemysl II would not survive him, Greater Poland was re-incorporated into the kingdom of Poland by [[Poland/WladyslawI|Władysław I]] as the '''Poznan''' and '''Kalisz voivodeships'''. ---- === Duchy of Sandomierz === The '''duchy of Sandomierz''' went to '''Henry'''. In 1166, Henry died without an heir. The duchy was temporarily partitioned (until 1173), with the short lived '''duchy of Wislica''' being gifted to the youngest brother '''Casimir II'''. The duchy was incorporated into the kingdom of Poland by [[Poland/WladyslawI|Władysław I]] as the '''Sandomierz voivodeship'''. ---- == Duchy of Pomerania == ---- == Kingdom of Poland == [[Poland/PrzemyslII|Przemysl II]] recreated the '''kingdom of Poland''' in 1295, although he was assassinated just a year later and the kingdom was conquered by '''Wenceslaus II''' of [[Czechia/Monarchs#Kingdom_of_Bohemia|Bohemia]]. [[Poland/WladyslawI|Władysław I]] was crowned king of Poland in 1320, although Pope '''John XXII''' justified this coronation as being the creation of a new kingdom, separate from that of '''Przemysl II'''. ---- == Kingdom of Poland and Grand Duchy of Lithuania == The '''Union of Krewo''' was a marriage negotiated between [[Poland/Jadwiga|Jadwiga]] and [[Poland/WladyslawII|Władysław II]], establishing a personal union between the kingdom of Poland the the [[Lithuania/Monarchs#Grand_Duchy_of_Lithuania|grand duchy of Lithuania]]. This is sometimes referred to as '''the Commonwealth'''. ---- == Dynasties == === Piast === Amidst this first part of the '''Piast dynasty''', Poland alternated between a kingdom and a high duchy. [[Poland/BoleslawI|Bolesław I]] made '''Mieszko II''' ''alone'' his heir. '''Bezprym''', another son of Bolesław, usuroped him and briefly ruled a united Poland. [[WorldHistory/HolyRomanEmpire/ConradII|Conrad II]] intervened and partitioned the kingdom between Mieszko II, '''Otto''' (another son of Bolesław I) and Dytryk (a grandson of Mieszko I). Mieszko would eventually reunite the duchy of Poland. ||'''Monarch''' ||'''Local Name'''||'''Reign''' || ||Mieszko I || ||960 - 992 || ||[[Poland/BoleslawI|Bolesław I]] || ||992 - 1025 || ||Mieszko II || ||1025 - 1031, 1033 - 1034|| ||Bezprym || ||1031 - 1032 || ||Otto || ||1032 - 1033 || ||Dytryk || ||1032 - 1033 || ||[[Poland/CasimirI|Casimir I]] ||Kazimierz ||1034 - 1058 || ||Bolesław II || ||1058 - 1079 || ||Władysław I || ||1079 - 1102 || ||Zbigniew || ||1102 - 1107 || ||Bolesław III || ||1107 - 1138 || ||[[Poland/WladyslawIITheExile|Władysław II]]|| ||1138 - 1146 || ||[[Poland/BoleslawIV|Bolesław IV]] || ||1146 - 1173 || What follows is a period of succession chaos. The '''Mazovian''' and '''Silesian branches''' of the dynasty take turns with power (through '''Casimir II''' and his heirs, and through '''Henry I''' and his heirs, respectively). ||'''Monarch'''||'''Local name'''||'''Claim''' ||'''Reign'''|| ||Mieszko III || ||inherited; son of Bolesław III ||1173 - 1177|| ||Casimir II ||Kazimierz ||usurper; another son of Bolesław III ||1177 - 1190|| ||Mieszko III || ||reclaimed throne ||1190 || ||Casimir II ||Kazimierz ||reclaimed throne ||1190 - 1194|| ||Leszek I || ||inherited; son of Casimir II ||1194 - 1198|| ||Mieszko III || ||reclaimed throne ||1198 - 1199|| ||Leszek I || ||reclaimed throne ||1199 || ||Mieszko III || ||reclaimed throne ||1199 - 1202|| ||Władysław III|| ||inherited; son of Mieszko III ||1202 - 1206|| ||Leszek I || ||reclaimed throne ||1206 - 1210|| ||Mieszko IV || ||usurper; son of [[Poland/WladyslawIITheExile|Władysław II]] ||1210 - 1211|| ||Leszek I || ||reclaimed throne ||1211 - 1227|| ||Władysław III|| ||reclaimed throne ||1227 - 1229|| ||Konrad I || ||usurper; another son of Casimir II ||1229 - 1232|| ||Henry I ||Henryk ||usurper; grandson of [[Poland/WladyslawIITheExile|Władysław II]] ||1232 - 1238|| ||Henry II ||Henryk ||inherited; son of Henry I ||1238 - 1241|| ||Bolesław II || ||inherited; son of Henry II ||1241 || ||Konrad I || ||reclaimed throne ||1241 - 1243|| ||Bolesław V || ||usurper; son of Leszek I ||1243 - 1279|| ||Leszek II || ||inherited; adopted son of Bolesław V who had taken vow of chastity||1279 - 1288|| ||Henryk IV || ||inherited; grandson of Henry II ||1288 - 1290|| The dynasty has a brief restoration interrupted by a [[Czechia/Monarchs#Kingdom_of_Bohemia|Bohemian]] conquest. ||'''Monarch''' ||'''Local Name'''||'''Reign'''|| ||[[Poland/PrzemyslII|Przemysl II]]|| ||1290 - 1296|| ||[[Poland/WladyslawI|Władysław I]]|| ||1306 - 1320|| ||[[Poland/CasimirIII|Casimir III]]||Kazimierz ||1333 - 1370|| === Premyslid === '''Wenceslaus''' (known as ''Vaclav'' in [[Czechia/Monarchs#Kingdom_of_Bohemia|Bohemia]]) conquered Poland in 1296 and proclaimed himself king of Poland in the process. ||'''Monarch''' ||'''Local Name'''||'''Reign'''|| ||Wenceslaus II ||Waclaw ||1278 - 1305|| ||[[Czechia/WenceslausIII|Wenceslaus III]]||Waclaw ||1305 - 1306|| === Angevin === === Jagiellon === ---- CategoryRicottone