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| === Server blocks === Servers listen on one or more addresses and ports, specified on the `listen` directive. If the address is left off, `nginx(8)` listens on all addresses for that server. Servers can share addresses and/or ports. If `nginx(8)` receives a request, it is routed between the listening servers based on the ''domain name''. Each server is meant to represent a single web domain, which should be specified on the `server_name` directive. If a server needs to respond as any domain, enter `_` as the name. If no server name matches, the request is routed to the ''default server'', which is marked by the `default_server` option on the `listen` directive. `nginx(8)` requires one (and only one) server be marked as default. Typically, the default server is configured with a server name of `_` and returns error 444 to all requests. {{{ server { listen 80 default_server; server_name _; return 444; } server { listen 80; server_name example.com; root /var/www; location / { try_files $uri $uri/ /index.html; } } }}} === Locations === Generally, locations map to the local file system. The `try_files` directive checks if a file exists, and then reroutes based on the syntax. In the below example, if `$uri` does not exist, the request is routed to the `@uwsgi` location. {{{ try_files $uri @uwsgi; location / { root /var/www; } location @uwsgi { include uwsgi_params; uwsgi_pass unix:///run/myapp.sock; } location ~ .(png|gif|jpe?g)$ { root /usr/local/share/myapp/static; } location = /robots.txt { root /var/www; } }}} === Configuration Syntax === |
=== Syntax === |
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| * [[Nginx/RewritingAndReturning|Rewriting and Returning]] | |
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| * [[Nginx/TryFiles|Try Files]] | |
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| * [[Nginx/ClientCaching|Client Caching]] | |
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=== Restricting Access === To deny requests based on the URI, use a location block. {{{ location ~ ^\.ht { return 444; } }}} To deny requests based on the HTTP method, use a conditional statement. {{{ if ($request_method !~ ^(GET|HEAD|POST)$ ) { return 444; } }}} In all circumstances, conditional statements should be the last resort technique. They can be less than intuitive and difficult to debug. |
Nginx
nginx(8) is a web and proxy server written for modern workloads (chiefly multi-threading).
Contents
Installation
Most Linux and BSD distributions offer a nginx package.
On Ubuntu, to ensure all security patches have been applied, use the upstream PPA.
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:nginx/stable sudo apt update sudo apt install nginx
Containers
Docker container images are also available for the last two versions. The image is available from DockerHub as docker.io/library/nginx (or simply nginx when using docker(1) specifically).
Try:
docker run --detach --name my-nginx \ --mount type=bind,src=/path/to/web/root,dst=/usr/share/nginx/html,readonly \ --publish 127.0.0.1:8080:80 \ nginx:latest
Configuration
To check the configuration of nginx(8), run...
nginx -t
Syntax
Proxying
Advanced Configuration
Restricting Referrers
It is sometimes desirable to block referrals.
valid_referers none blocked server_names
~example\.com;
if ($invalid_referer) {
return 403;
}none matching missing referers ("-"), while blocked matches referers that have been deleted by a firewall.
Literal server names are given with a leading or trailing asterisk (*). Regular expressions are given with a leading tilde (~).