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File System
File systems are standards for organizing, maintaining, and accessing data on a disk drive. This will not be a crosswalk of file systems.
Managing File Systems
fstab
On a Linux system, /etc/fstab informs on what drives should be mounted and with what options. This configuration file is structured as:
# <device> <dir> <type> <options> <dump> <fsck> UUID=f9fe0b69-a280-415d-a03a-a32752370dee none swap defaults 0 0
Spacing between columns is arbitrary. The <dir> column is the mount point, while the <type> column indicates file system type.
The <fsck> column is used by the fsck utility, and enables boot-time filesystem checks.
0 disables checks.
1 runs corrections based on checks. This is important for the root device.
2 forces reboot on error.
The <options> column can contain any of: noatime (do not write access times), noauto (do not wait on fsck), nofail (do not indicate errors if unavailable), and so on.
The <dump> column is used by the dump utility--if you don't need that utility (and most people don't), set it to 0.
Creating File systems
ext2
Don't.
ext3
Seriously. Don't.
ext4
If you are creating ext4 file systems, you probably are using Linux. Therefore, let's assume you have the Linux toolset available.
Running as superuser:
# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sde1
Consider disabling access time on secondary and storage drives. Setting this metadata isn't always helpful and carries a speed cost.
# <device> <dir> <type> <options> <dump> <fsck> /dev/sda5 /var ext4 defaults,noatime 0 0