= LaTeX Math =

LaTeX offers the most comprehensive math markup of any software.

<<TableOfContents>>

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== Usage ==

There are two ways to use math markup: inline math mode and display math mode.

{{{
An example of the inline style is \(a + bx = y\), whereas an example of display style is:

\[ a + bx = y \]
}}}

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== Math Fonts ==

For curly or calligraphic letters:

{{{
\mathcal{O}
}}}

{{attachment:mathcal.svg}}

For blackboard letters, as in what is used for [[LinearAlgebra|matrices]]:

{{{
\mathbb{X}
}}}

{{attachment:mathbb.svg}}

To render a word in a 'normal' font, as for named functions (e.g., [[Calculus/Divergence|div]]), try:

{{{
\mathrm{div}
}}}

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== Spacing ==

To insert horizontal spacing, try:
 * `\quad` for 1em
 * `\qquad` for 2em
 * `\,` for 3mu; note that 18mu = 1em
 * `\:` for 4mu
 * `\;` for 5mu

More generally, automated spacing in math mode is governed by these widths:
 * `\thinmuskip`, defaulting to 3mu
 * `\medmuskip`, defaulting to 4mu
 * `\thickmuskip`, defaulting to 5mu

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== Markup ==

Many symbols are available by name, or some contraction of the name.

||'''Syntax''' ||'''Symbol'''||
||`\partial`   ||∂           ||
||`\nabla`     ||∇           ||
||`\infty`     ||∞           ||
||`\varepsilon`||ε           ||
||`\varphi`    ||φ           ||
||`\forall`    ||∀           ||
||`\times`     ||×           ||
||`\cdot`      ||⋅           ||
||`\in`        ||∈           ||
||`\subset`    ||⊂           ||
||`\cap`       ||∩           ||
||`\cup`       ||∪           ||
||`\neq`       ||≠           ||
||`\pm`        ||±           ||
||`\lt`        ||<           ||
||`\leq`       ||≤           ||
||`\gt`        ||>           ||
||`\geq`       ||≥           ||
||`\approx`    ||≈           ||
||`\perp`      ||⊥           ||
||`\cdots`     ||⋅⋅⋅           ||
||`\ldots`     ||...           ||
||`\langle`    ||⟨           ||
||`\rangle`    ||⟩           ||

Greek letters are available by name. Note that by default the lowercase letter is returned; capitalizing the name returns the uppercase letter. For example, `\Phi` gives Φ while `\phi` gives ϕ.

Many function notations are also available.

||'''Syntax'''                ||'''Appearance'''||
||`\frac{1}{2}`               ||{{attachment:frac.svg}}||
||`\sum_{i=1}^{N}`            ||{{attachment:sum1.svg}}||
||`\sum\nolimits_{i}`         ||{{attachment:sum2.svg}}||
||`\prod_{i=1}^{N}`           ||{{attachment:prod.svg}}||
||`\lim_{x\to\infty}`         ||{{attachment:lim1.svg}}||
||`\lim\nolimits_{x\to\infty}`||{{attachment:lim2.svg}}||
||`\int_a^b`                  ||{{attachment:int1.svg}}||
||`\iint\limits_D`            ||{{attachment:int2.svg}}||
||`\iiint\limits_D`           ||{{attachment:int3.svg}}||
||`\oint_C`                   ||{{attachment:oint.svg}}||
||`f\vert_a`                  ||{{attachment:eval.svg}}||

There are several sizes of parentheses, braces, and bars available. As a demonstration:

{{{
\Big( \big( (x + 1) + 1 \big) + 1 \Big)

\Big[ \big[ \left[ x + 1 \right] + 1 \big] + 1 \Big]

\Big| \big| |a| - |b| \big| - |c| \Big|
}}}



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