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| Julia is a dynamically typed language. Values have a concrete type. | While Julia is a dynamically typed language, values have a concrete type. |
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---- == Type Hints == To provide the interpreter/compiler a type hint, try: {{{ julia> (1+2)::Int }}} This acts as a type assertion: if the annotated value is not that type, then a type error is thrown. |
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| * `AbstractArray` * `AbstractVector` * `AbstractMatrix` |
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| ---- == Composite Types == Structs are a composite data type. Struct values can be instantiated like: {{{ julia> struct Foo bar baz qux end julia> foo = Foo("Hello, world.", 23, 1.5) Foo("Hello, world.", 23, 1.5) }}} Fields are accessed by the dot operator. {{{ julia> foo.bar "Hello, world." }}} By default, struct objects are immutable. ---- == Nothing Type === The singleton constant `nothing` is of type `Nothing`. |
Julia Data Types
While Julia is a dynamically typed language, values have a concrete type.
Abstract Types
Abstract types should not be used directly. They are supertypes that categorize behaviors. They are however useful for constructing a novel data type, or for typing the arguments to a function.
The primary set of abstract types, with their hierarchy of supertypes and subtypes indicated by indentation, is:
Number
Real
AbstractFloat
Integer
Signed
Unsigned
AbstractChar
AbstractString
AbstractArray
AbstractVector
AbstractMatrix
Numeric Types
The set of primitive types that descend from the Number abstract type are:
Bool
Int8
Int16
Int32
Int64
Int128
UInt8
UInt16
UInt32
UInt64
UInt128
Float16
Float32
Float64
String Types
String is a subtype of AbstractString that implicitly is encoded in UTF-8.
Packages may create novel subtypes of AbstractString, so consider typing string arguments for functions as AbstractString rather than String.
Char is a subtype of AbstractChar, and is a 32-bit representation a Unicode character.
Composite Types
Structs are a composite data type. Struct values can be instantiated like:
julia> struct Foo
bar
baz
qux
end
julia> foo = Foo("Hello, world.", 23, 1.5)
Foo("Hello, world.", 23, 1.5)Fields are accessed by the dot operator.
julia> foo.bar "Hello, world."
By default, struct objects are immutable.
== Nothing Type ===
The singleton constant nothing is of type Nothing.