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| After the U.S. invasion of Japan in 1945, Japan was occupied by '''Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers Douglas !McArthur'''. Within Japan this position became more commonly known as '''GHQ (General Headquarters)'''. This arrangement of power continued until self-rule was re-established in 1952 by the '''Treaty of San Francisco'''. | ''' GHQ''' (General Headquarters) was the military government of Japan during the [[Japan/Democratization#Occupation|occupation]]. |
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| == Leaders and Personnel of Imperial Japan == | == Composition == |
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| GHQ walked a line between purging the most powerful militarists of Imperial Japan, while also shoring up a powerful-enough proto-government against the USSR. === Monarchy === GHQ backed '''Emperor Hirohito''' as a legitimate leader of the Japanese, while also forcing him to renounce godhood. === Military === The Ministry of the Army, Ministry of the Navy, Army General Staff Office, General Headquarters, Army, and Navy were all abolished. Japan would remain constitutionally demilitarized after self-rule returned as well. The Kenpaitai (憲兵隊) was disbanded and police powers were decentralized. === Bureaucracy === GHQ oversaw a 'purge' (simply a ban on public service) of civil servants and bureaucrats. Futerhmore this was largely restrained to the '''Home Ministry''' ('''内務省''', ''Naimushou''). In the power vacuum, leftist grassroots leaders quickly gained influence. GHQ shifted focus in 1949 towards a '''Red Purge''', and even began lifting sanctions from powerful militarists that could counter the popularity of communism. All purges ended in 1952 with the return to self-rule. |
GHQ was a military government led by a '''Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers''' ('''SCAP'''). This position was held by [[UnitedStates/DouglasMcArthur|MacArthur]] for the entire existance of GHQ. |
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| == Economy == | == History == |
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| The Japanese economy was left in deep depression and hyperinflation following the invasion. GHQ prioritized the stabilization of the economy, but quickly began making concessions to major economic forces so as to stave off communist sentiments. | The [[UnitedStates|United States]] established GHQ to govern Japan during the [[Japan/Democratization#Occupation|occupation]]. |
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| [[Japan/Hirohito|Hirohito]] was backed as the legitimate head of state, though he was forced to renounce godhood. | |
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| Specific wartime ministries were targetted and purged (i.e., banned from public sector). Largely though, the [[Japan/Ministries|government]] was left as-is. As a result, the bureaucracy was effectively empowered. | |
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| === Land Reform === | In the political power vacuum, and amid a period of economic depression and hyperinflation, leftist grassroots leaders quickly gained influence. A '''Red Purge''' began in 1949, and earlier sanction were lifted from major right-wing politicians. Fiscal and economic policies also became a priority for GHQ, including major consessions. |
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| Landowners were forced to sell their land to GHQ, which then redistributed the land to farmers. Tenant farmers were often given ownership of the same plot that they had worked on. As Japanese industry trended towards manufacturing in later years, this small-scale agriculture gave way to '''sanchan agriculture (三ちゃん農業)''' (sanchan referring to じいちゃん, ばあちゃん, and かあちゃん). === Labor Reform === A general strike in 1947 was banned, and a Red Purge against communists occurred in 1949. === Economic, Monetary, and Fiscal Policy === See [[Japan/HistoryOfEconomy#Postwar_Period]]. |
Self-rule was re-established in 1952 by the '''Treaty of San Francisco'''. |
GHQ
GHQ (General Headquarters) was the military government of Japan during the occupation.
Contents
Composition
GHQ was a military government led by a Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers (SCAP). This position was held by MacArthur for the entire existance of GHQ.
History
The United States established GHQ to govern Japan during the occupation.
Hirohito was backed as the legitimate head of state, though he was forced to renounce godhood.
Specific wartime ministries were targetted and purged (i.e., banned from public sector). Largely though, the government was left as-is. As a result, the bureaucracy was effectively empowered.
In the political power vacuum, and amid a period of economic depression and hyperinflation, leftist grassroots leaders quickly gained influence. A Red Purge began in 1949, and earlier sanction were lifted from major right-wing politicians. Fiscal and economic policies also became a priority for GHQ, including major consessions.
Self-rule was re-established in 1952 by the Treaty of San Francisco.