= Italian Democratization = A history of '''Italian democratization'''. <> ---- == City States == === Republic of Venice === [[Italy/Monarchs#Roman_Italy|Venetia et Histria]] saw a series of devastating invasion by the Marcomanni, Visigoths, Huns, and Lombards between the 2nd and 6th centuries. Refugees founded [[Italy/Venice|Venice]] in the lagoon around 568. The [[WorldHistory/ByzantineEmpire|Byzantines]] organized this region as the '''exarchate of Ravenna'''. In 726, the Venetians elected '''Orso Ipato''' (Ursus) as '''doge of Venice'''. The Byzantines eventually recognized him as ''dux'' and ''hypatus'', effectively recognizing Venice as a self-governing province. Playing the Byzantines and the Carolingians against each other, '''Pietro Tradonico''' obtained recognition as an independent republic from [[WorldHistory/MiddleFrancia|Lothair I]] in 840. Venice began to vassalize the [[WorldHistory/DalmatianCityStates|Dalmatian city states]] in the 10th century. They secured their autonomy from the [[WorldHistory/HolyRomanEmpire/FrederickI|Holy Roman Empire]] through the [[Italy/Monarchs#Lombard_League_and_Aftermath|Lombard League]]. Venice secured [[WorldHistory/WarsInLombardy|parts of Lombardy]] in the 15th century. Also in the 15th century however, the [[WorldHistory/OttomanEmpire|Ottomans]] began to contest the Mediterranean. The [[WorldHistory/ItalianWars|Italian Wars]] checked Venetian power on the continent. Together, these ended the era of Venetian expansion. Following a brief [[WorldHistory/NapoleonicWars|Napoleonic conquest]], Venice was ceded to direct [[Austria/Monarchs#Austrian_Empire|Austrian]] rule as a part of the Venetian Province. It was annexed by the Napoleonic kingdom of Italy in 1806 and finally reorganized as part of [[Italy/Monarchs#Kingdom_of_Lombardy-Venetia|Lombardy-Venetia]] in 1815. ---- === Republic of Genoa === ---- === Florentine Republic === ---- === Republic of Pisa === ---- == Risorgimento == The [[Italy/Monarchs#Kingdom_of_Lombardy-Venetia|kingdom of Lombardy-Venetia]] was established by the [[WorldHistory/NapoleonicWars|Congress of Vienna]] under [[WorldHistory/HolyRomanEmpire/FrancisII|Austrian control]]. The insurrections of 1848 reached the kingdom during the reign of [[Austria/FerdinandI|Ferdinand]]. Notably, the '''Five Days of Milan''' (''Cinque giornate di Milano'') saw the Austrian garrison ousted and a provisional government established. This caused the [[WorldHistory/FirstItalianWarOfIndependence|first War of Independence]]. By August however, Austria did reclaim control of these cities. Under [[Austria/FranzJosephI|Franz Joseph]], Lombardy-Venetia rapidly disintegrated. Lombardy was ceded to the kingdom of Sardinia-Piedmont in the [[WorldHistory/SecondItalianWarOfIndependence|second War of Independence]], and then the remainder was ceded in the [[WorldHistory/AustroPrussianWar|third]]. ---- == Kingdom of Italy == ---- == Occupation == ---- == Italian Republic == ---- CategoryRicottone