= Coloman = '''Coloman''' (''Kalman'') was the king of [[Hungary/Monarchs#Kingdom_of_Hungary|Hungary]] and [[Croatia/Monarchs#Kingdom_of_Croatia|Croatia]]. <> ---- == History == Coloman was the eldest son of '''Geza I'''. When his father died on April 25, 1077, he was passed over for the crown owing to his youth and poor health. '''St. Ladislaus I''' instead was crowned. Furthermore, Ladislaus I arranged for succession to pass over Coloman again. He preferred Coloman's younger brother '''Almos'''. Coloman became a priest and, by the 1090s, a leading bishop. ---- == Reign == === Hungary === '''St. Ladislaus I''' died on July 29, 1095. In early 1096, Coloman was crowned. He appointed '''Almos''' ''duke'', a title which conferred significant income and a variety of counties, but no singular principality. A power struggle persisted throughout Coloman's reign. It peaked in 1107 when he seized the duchy; and again in 1113 when he retaliated against a conspiracy by having Almos, his son '''Bela II''', and many of their supporters blinded. Coloman initiated a comprehensive review of all laws and decrees of the [[Hungary/Monarchs#Arpad|Arpad dynasty]] and raised taxes on trade. Legal charters suggest that Coloman established the ''voivodeship'' of [[Romania/Monarchs#Kingdom_of_Hungary|Transylvania]] in 1111. Coloman died on February 3, 1116. === Croatia and Dalmatia === By 1097, Coloman had completed the conquest of Croatia that St. Ladislaus I had begun in 1091. In 1102 he was elected king of [[Croatia/Monarchs#Kingdom_of_Hungary_and_Croatia|Croatia]] by the local nobility. Coloman proceeded to consolidate control over the [[WorldHistory/DalmatianCityStates|Dalmatian city-states]] into the early 12th century, granting charters of liberty to secure their loyalty. In 1108 he was crowned as king of Hungary, Croatia, and Dalmatia. ---- == Legacy == Coloman's union of the kingdoms of [[Hungary/Monarchs#Kingdom_of_Hungary|Hungary]] and [[Croatia/Monarchs#Kingdom_of_Croatia|Croatia]] would persist until [[WorldHistory/OttomanEmpire|Ottoman]] conquest. ---- CategoryRicottone