Go Strings

Strings are a sequence data type. There is also a built-in strings module for working with the data type.

Type

Strings are an immutable sequence of uint8 bytes. Like other container types, they can be operated on using:

• len() to count bytes

• addition operators (+ and +=) for concatenation

• subscripting (str[2], str[2:], str[:3], and str[2:3])

Bytes are not guaranteed to be valid Unicode, except:

• in for _, r := range str, r is a Unicode rune

• in rs := []rune(str), rs is a string of Unicode runes

In these cases, all invalid Unicode bytes are converted to U+FFFD (the replacement character).

Module

Split

There are several similar functions for splitting.

If b is not in a, the return value is a slice of length 1 containing a. If b is empty, then a is split between every UTF-8 sequence.

Passing n of -1 to SplitN is equivalent to Split.

To demonstrate the After variants:

strings.Split("a,b,c", ",")       // ["a" "b" "c"]
strings.SplitAfter("a,b,c", ",")  // ["a," "b," "c"]

The Seq variants are equivalent but return a single-use iterator. This can be more efficient.

Replace

There are several similar functions for replacement of substrings.

A Replacer is used to perform more complicated replacements.

message := "What??? IMPOSSIBLE!"
replacer := strings.NewReplacer("!","", "?","")
replacer.Replace(strings.ToLower(message))       // "what impossible"

Builder

A Builder is used to more efficiently compose a large string.

import (
    "strings"
    "regexp"
    "bufio"
    "fmt"
    "os"
)

var Pattern = regexp.MustCompile(`PING`)

func main() {
    count := 0

    // Initialize the Builder
    var content strings.Builder

    // Initialize the Scanner using STDIN
    scanner := bufio.NewScanner(os.Stdin)

    // Loop over scanned lines
    for scanner.Scan() {
        line := scanner.Text()

        matches := Pattern.FindAllStringIndex(line, -1)

        // Build lines
        for i := len(matches)-1; i >= 0; i-- {
            line = line[:matches[i][0]] + fmt.Sprintf("[%d]", count+i) + line[matches[i][1]:]
        }
        content.WriteString(line)
        content.WriteString("\n")

        count += len(matches)
    }

    // Check for scanner errors
    if err := scanner.Err(); err != nil {
        fmt.Println(err)
    }

    // Print to STDOUT
    fmt.Printf(content.String())
}

$ cat test
Hello, this is PING your PING friend.
I am PING testing your work. PING.
PING PING PING test PING.

$ cat test | ./scan-and-build
Hello, this is [0] your [1] friend.
I am [2] testing your work. [3].
[4] [5] [6] test [7].

See also

strings package

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