DockerHub
!DockerHub is, essentially, !GitHub for docker(1).
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Image Registry
!DockerHub is, first and foremost, a container image registry.
With docker(1) specifically, this is the default registry. Images can be pulled by simply specifying the namespace, name, and tag (i.e. internetsystemsconsortium/bind9:9.18). For 'official' images, the namespace is omitted (i.e. nginx:latest).
With other container managers, the registry is accessed by docker.io. (The above images would be available from docker.io/internetsystemsconsortium/bind9:9.18 and docker.io/library/nginx:latest, respectively.)