= Czech Monarchs = The modern Czech state has never been a monarchy. It is the successor state to Bohemia, so this is a history of '''Bohemian monarchs'''. <> ---- == Great Moravia == '''Mojmir I''' built '''Great Moravia''' by uniting Slavic tribes in the 9th century, especially the principalities of Moravia and Nitra. Moravia was a duchy vassalized to [[WorldHistory/EastFrancia|Louis II]], also known as '''Louis the German'''). By 907, much of southeastern Moravia had been conquered by the ascendant [[Hungary/Monarchs#Kingdom_of_Hungary|kingdom of Hungary]]. ---- == Duchy of Bohemia == In the 890s, '''Bohemia''' seceded from Moravia to become a duchy vassal of '''Arnulf''', king of [[WorldHistory/EastFrancia|East Francia]]. In the 10th century the duchy became effectively sovereign, owing to the ascendant [[Hungary/Monarchs#Kingdom_of_Hungary|kingdom of Hungary]] expelling East Frankish and [[WorldHistory/ByzantineEmpire|Byzantine]] influence in the region. In 1002, '''Vladivoj''' returned Bohemia to the [[WorldHistory/HolyRomanEmpire|Holy Roman Empire]] under '''Henry II'''. '''Bretislav I''' conquered Moravia in the 1020s; they would become a critical crownland. In 1085, '''Henry III''' raised '''Vratislaus II''' to king of Bohemia. Similarly, in 1147, [[WorldHistory/HolyRomanEmpire/FrederickI|Frederick Barbarossa]] raised '''Vladislav II''' to king of Bohemia. Neither title was hereditary. ---- == Kingdom of Bohemia == After '''Henry VI''' died in 1197, a succession war for the [[WorldHistory/HolyRomanEmpire|Holy Roman Empire]] began between '''Philip''' and '''Otto IV'''. '''Ottokar''' initially supported Philip, and was rewarded with a hereditary title of king. By 1200 Ottokar had joined Otto IV, who agreed to recognize the kingdom. This was formalized in 1212 by [[WorldHistory/HolyRomanEmpire/FrederickII|Frederick II]]. At least by the election of 1257, the king of Bohemia was an [[WorldHistory/HolyRomanEmpire#Electors|elector]]. Bohemia was infrequently held in personal union with [[Hungary/Monarchs#Kingdom_of_Hungary|Hungary]] and [[Croatia/Monarchs#Kingdom_of_Croatia|Croatia]], namely under [[Hungary/Sigismund|Sigismund]] and [[Czechia/WenceslausIII|Wenceslaus III]]. From this point on, Bohemia would fall into the sway of Hungarian politics. After the [[WorldHistory/OttomanEmpire|Ottoman]] conquest of [[Hungary/Budapest|Buda]], both "Royal Hungary" and the kingdom of Bohemia joined the Habsburg empire. ---- == Duchy of Upper and Lower Silesia == The '''duchy of Silesia''' was established in 1138. It quickly disintegrated into dozens of duchies, called the duchies of [[Poland/Monarchs#Duchies_of_Silesia|Silesia]]. '''John''' claimed the kingdom of [[Poland/Monarchs#Kingdom_of_Poland|Poland]] and obtained the fealty of many of the dukes of Silesia. Per the '''Treaty of Trentschin''' in 1335, John renounced that claim in exchange for suzerainty over the duchies. The realms would be reorganized into the '''Duchy of Upper and Lower Silesia''' through the [[WorldHistory/WarOfAustrianSuccession#Conclusion_and_Aftermath|Treaty of Berlin]] in 1742. ---- == Margraviate of Moravia == The '''margraviate of Moravia''' was established in 1182 for the kingdom of Bohemia. This title traditionally was given to the heir apparent. ---- == Dynasties == === Premyslid === The '''Premyslid dynasty''' began with a small holding surrounding [[Czechia/Prague|Prague]]. Over centuries they raised Bohemia into a duchy, then into a kingdom. ||'''Dukes''' ||'''Local name'''||'''Reign''' || ||Wenceslaus I ||Vaclav ||921 - 935 || ||Boleslaus I ||Boleslav ||935 - 972 || ||Boleslaus II ||Boleslav ||972 - 999 || ||Boleslaus III ||Boleslav ||999 - 1002, 1003 || ||Jaromir || ||1003, 1004 - 1012, 1033 - 1034|| ||Ulrich I ||Oldrich ||1012 - 1033 || ||Bretislav I || ||1034 - 1055 || ||Spytihnev II || ||1055 - 1061 || ||Vratislaus II ||Vratislav ||1061 - 1092 || ||Conrad I ||Konrad ||1092 || ||Bretislaus II ||Bretislav ||1092 - 1100 || ||Borivoj II || ||1100 - 1107, 1117 - 1120 || ||Svatopluk || ||1107 - 1109 || ||Vladislaus I ||Vladislav ||1109 - 1117, 1120 - 1125 || ||Sobeslaus I ||Sobeslav ||1125 - 1140 || ||Vladislaus II ||Vladislav ||1140 - 1172 || ||Frederick ||Bedrich ||1172 - 1173, 1178 - 1189 || ||Sobeslaus II ||Sobeslav ||1173 - 1178 || ||Conrad II ||Konrad ||1189 - 1191 || ||Wenceslaus II ||Vaclav ||1191 || ||Ottokar I || ||1192 - 1193, 1197 - 1200 || ||Bretislaus III||Bretislav ||1193 - 1197 || ||Vladislaus III||Vladislav ||1197 || ||'''Monarchs''' ||'''Local name'''||'''Reign'''|| ||Ottokar I || ||1200 - 1230|| ||Wenceslaus I ||Vaclav ||1230 - 1253|| ||Ottokar II || ||1253 - 1278|| ||Wenceslaus II ||Vaclav ||1278 - 1305|| ||[[Czechia/WenceslausIII|Wenceslaus III]]||Vaclav ||1305 - 1306|| [[Czechia/WenceslausIII|Wenceslaus III]] died without an heir. === Piast === After '''Jaromir''' overthrew his brother '''Boleslaus III''' (''Boleslav''), [[Poland/BoleslawI|Boleslaus IV]] installed their cousin '''Vladivoj''' as duke. Vladivoj died within the year, requiring Boleslaus IV to again intervene and restore Boleslaus III. Boleslaus III then incited further chaos by massacring the '''Vrsovci dynasty''', who played a significant role in Jaromir's rebellion. Boleslaus IV intervened one last time, finally claiming the duchy for himself. See also the Polish [[Poland/Monarchs#Piast|Piast dynasty]]. ||'''Dukes''' ||'''Reign'''|| ||Vladivoj ||1002 - 1003|| ||[[Poland/BoleslawI|Boleslaus IV]]||1003 - 1004|| Within a year, Jaromir returned to Bohemia with support from '''Henry II'''. Boleslaus IV renounced the duchy and surrendered [[Czechia/Prague|Prague]]. === Gorizia === '''Hnery''' was elected king following the death of [[Czechia/WenceslausIII|Wenceslaus III]]. ||'''Monarchs'''||'''Local name'''||'''Reign'''|| ||Henry ||Jindrich ||1307 - 1310|| Henry was deposed by '''John'''. === Luxembourg === '''John''' deposed '''Henry''' to become king of Bohemia. ||'''Monarchs''' ||'''Local name'''||'''Reign'''|| ||John ||Jan ||1310 - 1346|| ||[[Czechia/CharlesIV|Charles IV]]||Karel ||1346 - 1378|| ||Wenceslaus IV ||Vaclav ||1378 - 1419|| ||[[Hungary/Sigismund|Sigismund]] ||Zikmund ||1419 - 1437|| [[Hungary/Sigismund|Sigismund]] left no heirs, enabling the '''Albertinian line''' of the Habsburgs to inherit. === Habsburg === '''Albert II''' inherited the kingdom from his father-in-law [[Hungary/Sigismund|Sigismund]]. See also the Hungarian [[Hungary/Monarchs#Habsburg|Habsburg dynasty]]. [[Hungary/LadislausV|Ladislaus V]] was born months after the death of Albert II. A succession war broke out, but '''George''' won the kingdom for Ladislaus V. He served as regent in the interregnum period. ||'''Monarchs''' ||'''Local name'''||'''Reign'''|| ||Albert II ||Albrecht ||1438 - 1439|| ||[[Hungary/LadislausV|Ladislaus V]]||Ladislav ||1453 - 1457|| Ladislaus V died without an heir. === Podebrady === '''George''' (''Jiri'') was a leading Hussite noble. After '''Albert II''' died in 1439, a succession war began between the Hussites and the "Romans", led by '''Oldrich II''', another Czech noble. George was officially made regent of Bohemia in 1451. In 1457, '''Ladislaus V''' died without an heir. George was unanimously elected king by the local nobility. ||'''Monarchs'''||'''Local name'''||'''Reign'''|| ||George ||Jiri ||1458 - 1471|| George would be deposed by [[Hungary/MatthiasI|Matthias I]] in 1470. === Hunyadi === In 1469 [[Hungary/MatthiasI|Matthias I]] invaded and deposed '''George''' (''Jiri''). He claimed the kingdom but never enforced it outside of Moravia. ||'''Monarchs''' ||'''Local name'''||'''Reign'''|| ||[[Hungary/MatthiasI|Matthias I]]||Matyas ||1469 - 1490|| === Jagiellon === Following the deposition of '''George''' (''Jiri''), continued resistance against [[Hungary/MatthiasI|Matthias I]] came to be led by [[Czechia/Vladislaus|Vladislaus]]. ||'''Monarchs''' ||'''Local name'''||'''Reign'''|| ||[[Czechia/Vladislaus|Vladislaus]]||Vladislav ||1471 - 1516|| ||Louis II ||Ludvik ||1516 - 1526|| Vladislaus would later be made king of [[Hungary/Monarchs#Kingdom_of_Hungary|Hungary]] and [[Croatia/Monarchs#Kingdom_of_Croatia|Croatia]], guaranteeing Bohemian sovereignty and creating a massive personal union under the '''Jagiellon dynasty'''. '''Louis II''' was killed in the [[WorldHistory/OttomanEmpire|Ottoman]] conquest of [[Hungary/Monarchs#Kingdom_of_Hungary|Hungary]]. ---- CategoryRicottone