= Bash Redirection =

<<TableOfContents>>

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== Redirections ==

To redirect a file's contents into a command, try:

{{{
: </path/to/file
}}}

To redirect a command's `STDOUT` into a file, try:

{{{
: >/path/to/file
}}}

If the `noclobber` [[Bash/ShellOptions|shell option]] is enabled, use `>|` instead to force overwriting.

Use `>>` instead to append to a file, as opposed to overwriting.

For details on redirecting with file descriptors, including `STDOUT` and `STDERR`, see [[Bash/FileDescriptor|here]].

For details on redirecting with process substitutions, see [[Bash/ProcessSubstitution|here]].

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== Here Documents ==

A here document is an anonymous and transient file that is redirected into a command.

{{{
echo <<EOF
line one
line two

line four
EOF
}}}

To indent the here document with tab characters, use `<<-EOF`.

Some forms of [[Bash/Expansion|expansion]] do not apply to here documents: word splitting, history expansion, and filename expansion. To prevent all forms of expansion from being applied, quote the marker (i.e. `"EOF"`)

Note that the here document marker can be ''anything'', but the common convention is to use `EOF`.

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== Here Strings ==

Here strings are a parallel concept to here documents.

{{{
echo <<<foo bar baz
}}}

Some forms of [[Bash/Expansion|expansion]] do not apply to here strings: word splitting, history expansion, and filename expansion.



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CategoryRicottone