Awk
awk(1) is a scripting language designed for text processing.
There are several implementation of awk(1):
Brian Kernighan open-sourced the original Unix implementation
GNU awk (or gawk) is an extended implementation
BusyBox implements POSIX awk(1)
the modern revivalist GoAWK
See the GNU awk User Manual for further documentation.
Example
awk 'BEGIN { print "hello world" }'
A better example is extracting the hostnames from the hosts file.
awk '/^[^#]/ { print $2 }' /etc/hosts
The awk syntax can be written to a script file and executed like:
awk -f my-hosts-parser.awk /etc/hosts
Shebang
To make an awk script executable, use #! /bin/awk -f as the shebang line.