= Austrian Monarchs = A history of '''Austrian monarchs'''. <> ---- == Duchy of Austria == The earliest incarnation of an Austrian state was the '''Avar March''', established by [[WorldHistory/Francia|Charlemagne]]. It was disestablished as the [[Hungary/Monarchs#Kingdom_of_Hungary|Magyars]] advanced in the 10th century, but then re-established as the '''Bavarian March''' by [[Germany/Monarchs#Kingdom_of_Germany|Otto I]]. In 976, '''Otto II''' enfeoffed '''Leopold I''' as '''margrave of Austria'''. '''Leopold IV''' supported '''Conrad III''' against his [[Germany/Monarchs#Welf|Welf]] rivals and was rewarded with the confiscated '''duchy of Bavaria'''. His son, '''Henry II''', was forced to renounce the duchy by [[WorldHistory/HolyRomanEmpire/FrederickI|Frederick Barbarossa]], so that it could be returned to '''Henry XI''' as part of peace terms. As compensation, his margraviate was raised to the '''duchy of Austria'''. For a significant era, the '''(arch)duchy of Austria''', '''house of Habsburg''', and [[WorldHistory/HolyRomanEmpire|Holy Roman Empire]] are practically indistinguishable. The significant alternative is the [[Germany/Monarchs#Margraviate_of_Brandenburg|margraviate of Brandenburg]]. The empire was ended through the [[WorldHistory/NapoleonicWars|Napoleonic Wars]]. ---- == Austrian Empire == Despite the dissolution of the [[WorldHistory/HolyRomanEmpire|Holy Roman Empire]], Habsburg and Austrian regional hegemony was not interrupted. This imperial complex now took the name of '''Austrian Empire'''. TODO: learn more history! ---- == Austro-Hungarian Empire == TODO: learn more history! ---- == Dynasties == === Habsburg === [[Austria/RudolfI|Rudolf I]] was elected [[Germany/Monarchs#Kingdom_of_Germany|king of Germany]] but was never crowned [[WorldHistory/HolyRomanEmpire|emperor]]. Nonetheless, '''Rudolf II''' enumerated himself as such in reference to his ancestor. Rudolf I invested '''Albert I''' as '''duke of Austria''', and it remained a Habsburg crownland thereafter. The house also dominated the [[WorldHistory/HolyRomanEmpire|Holy Roman Empire]] from [[WorldHistory/HolyRomanEmpire/FrederickIII|Frederick V]] until its dissolution. For some periods, Austria was was divided into duchies of '''Austria Proper''', '''Inner Austria''', and '''Further Austria'''. [[WorldHistory/Styria|Styria]], Carinthia, and Carniola formed the basis of Inner Austria. Swabia and [[WorldHistory/Tyrol|Tyrol]] formed the basis of Further Austria. The 15th century in particular saw disintegration of authority in Austria. Frederick V and '''Albert VII''' were effectively co-rulers, but Albert had nominally rebelled and seized Further Austria for himself. At the same time, [[Hungary/MatthiasI|Matthias Corvinus]] had seized Austria proper and claimed to be archduke of Austria himself. The [[Spain/Monarchs#Habsburg|Spanish line]] splits from '''Philip II''', son of [[WorldHistory/HolyRomanEmpire/CharlesV|Charles V]]. ||'''Monarchs''' ||'''Reign'''|| ||[[Austria/RudolfI|Rudolf I]]||1273 - 1291|| ||'''Dukes''' ||'''Local Name'''||'''Reign'''|| ||... || || || ||[[WorldHistory/HolyRomanEmpire/FrederickIII|Frederick V]] || ||1424 - 1493|| ||Albert VI ||Albrecht ||1424 - 1463|| ||Maximilian I || ||1493 - 1519|| ||[[WorldHistory/HolyRomanEmpire/CharlesV|Charles V]] ||Karl ||1519 - 1556|| ||[[WorldHistory/HolyRomanEmpire/FerdinandI|Ferdinand I]] || ||1556 - 1564|| ||Maximilian II || ||1564 - 1576|| ||Rudolf II || ||1576 - 1608|| ||Matthias || ||1608 - 1619|| ||Albert VII ||Albrecht ||1619 || ||[[WorldHistory/HolyRomanEmpire/FerdinandII|Ferdinand II]] || ||1619 - 1637|| ||[[WorldHistory/HolyRomanEmpire/FerdinandIII|Ferdinand III]]|| ||1637 - 1657|| ||[[WorldHistory/HolyRomanEmpire/LeopoldI|Leopold I]] || ||1657 - 1705|| ||[[WorldHistory/HolyRomanEmpire/JosephI|Joseph I]] || ||1705 - 1711|| ||[[WorldHistory/HolyRomanEmpire/CharlesVI|Charles VI]] ||Karl ||1711 - 1740|| ||[[Austria/MariaTheresa|Maria Theresa]] || ||1740 - 1780|| ||[[WorldHistory/HolyRomanEmpire/JosephII|Joseph II]] || ||1765 - 1790|| ||[[WorldHistory/HolyRomanEmpire/LeopoldII|Leopold II]] || ||1790 - 1792|| ||[[WorldHistory/HolyRomanEmpire/FrancisII|Francis II]] || ||1792 - 1804|| ||'''Emperors''' ||'''Local Name'''||'''Reign'''|| ||[[WorldHistory/HolyRomanEmpire/FrancisII|Francis II]] || ||1804 - 1835|| ||... || || || ---- CategoryRicottone CategoryTodoLearnHistory