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| The 'Old Reliable' of web servers--it's sometimes even vendored as `httpd`. Can be just as fast as [[NGINXSetup|NGINX]], as long as you have a few hundred years to figure out the optimized configuration. | '''`httpd(8)`''', also known as '''Apache''' or '''Apache2''', is one of the oldest and most extensible web servers. It has survived so long precisely because it is so extensible; system administrators have been able to continuously tune and upgrade the server for modern best practices. |
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Most [[Linux]] and [[BSD]] distributions offer a package for `httpd(8)`, but it will be named differently across systems. The most common names are `apache` and `apache2`. Supporting programs like `htpasswd(1)` are sometimes split into a separate package named like `apache2-utils`. For `systemd`-capable systems, [[Linux/Systemd|start and enable]] `httpd.service` or `apache2.service` (again, differing across systems). For [[Linux/OpenRC#Usage|OpenRC-based systems]], start the `apache2` service and set it to start on boot. Otherwise try: {{{ service apache2 start #also: stop, restart, and reload }}} For BSD distributions, try: {{{ /usr/local/sbin/apachectl start #also: stop, restart, and graceful }}} See `apachectl(8)` for more information. To launch the server on startup, update `/etc/rc.conf`: {{{ apache_enable="YES" }}} |
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| The server is configured in `/etc/apache2.conf`. This file requires little intervention, while site-specific configurations are included. | The server is configured by a central file. Distributions disagree about the correct location for this file. Try all of the following: |
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| * `/etc/apache2.conf` * `/etc/apache2/apache2.conf` * `/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf` * `/usr/local/etc/apache/httpd.conf` |
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| === Sites === | |
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| Virtual hosts are declared in domain-specific files. An example site configuration, for [[CGITSetup|CGit]]. | === Virtual Hosts === Virtual hosts are declared in domain-specific files. An example site configuration for a CGI script, such as [[CGit|cgit]]. |
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| Alias /cgit-css /usr/share/cgit | |
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| === Restricting Access === | === Encryption === See [[Apache/SSL|here]] for details. === Authentication === A document can be set to require authentication, except for a local network user. {{{ <Document "/"> AuthType Basic AuthName "Authentication Required" AuthUserFile /var/www/ftp-htpasswd <RequireAny> Require valid-user Require ip 192.168 Require ip 10 </RequireAny> </Document> }}} This method of authentication is 'good-enough' for personal uses. It relies entirely on the traffic encryption (HTTP'''S'''). === FastCGI === See [[Apache/FastCGI|here]] for details. |
Apache
httpd(8), also known as Apache or Apache2, is one of the oldest and most extensible web servers. It has survived so long precisely because it is so extensible; system administrators have been able to continuously tune and upgrade the server for modern best practices.
Installation
Most Linux and BSD distributions offer a package for httpd(8), but it will be named differently across systems. The most common names are apache and apache2.
Supporting programs like htpasswd(1) are sometimes split into a separate package named like apache2-utils.
For systemd-capable systems, start and enable httpd.service or apache2.service (again, differing across systems).
For OpenRC-based systems, start the apache2 service and set it to start on boot.
Otherwise try:
service apache2 start #also: stop, restart, and reload
For BSD distributions, try:
/usr/local/sbin/apachectl start #also: stop, restart, and graceful
See apachectl(8) for more information.
To launch the server on startup, update /etc/rc.conf:
apache_enable="YES"
Configuration
Server
The server is configured by a central file. Distributions disagree about the correct location for this file. Try all of the following:
/etc/apache2.conf
/etc/apache2/apache2.conf
/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
/usr/local/etc/apache/httpd.conf
Virtual Hosts
Virtual hosts are declared in domain-specific files. An example site configuration for a CGI script, such as cgit.
<VirtualHost *:80>
ServerAdmin webmaster@localhost
ServerName git.my-domain.com
DocumentRoot /usr/share/cgit
Alias / /usr/share/cgit/cgit.cgi
<Document '/usr/share/cgit/'>
Options ExecCGI FollowSymLinks
Require all granted
AddHandler cgi-script .cgi
DirectoryIndex cgit.cgi
</Document>
ErrorLog /var/log/apache2/error.log
CustomLog /var/log/apache2/access.log combined
</VirtualHost>
Encryption
See here for details.
Authentication
A document can be set to require authentication, except for a local network user.
<Document "/">
AuthType Basic
AuthName "Authentication Required"
AuthUserFile /var/www/ftp-htpasswd
<RequireAny>
Require valid-user
Require ip 192.168
Require ip 10
</RequireAny>
</Document>This method of authentication is 'good-enough' for personal uses. It relies entirely on the traffic encryption (HTTPS).
FastCGI
See here for details.